Zap and Electric Vehicle free essay sample

The competition to develop and market electric vehicles has increased during the last year and is expected to continue to increase. The electric bicycle industry has four major manufacturers and a large group of small companies. The major manufacturers are Honda, Suzuki, Sanyo and Yamaha. They mainly sell products to Japan and Europe. The other group of manufacturers is much smaller in size and sales volume. These manufacturers have products they sell into the U. S. , European and Asian markets.Porters five-forces model is a powerful tool for systematically diagnosing the principal competitive pressures in a market and assessing how strong and important each one is. The electric vehicle industry is a definite for applying this technique. These are my observations about the five forces affecting the EV industry: †¢ The rivalry among competing sellers in the EV industry is .. Zap Case Study Summary: Provides a case study of the Zap and the Electric Vehicle Industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Zap and Electric Vehicle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Describes how competition to develop and market electric vehicles has increased during the last year and is expected to continue to increase.Provides marketing suggestions. 1. The competition to develop and market electric vehicles has increased during the last year and is expected to continue to increase. The electric bicycle industry has four major manufacturers and a large group of small companies. The major manufacturers are Honda, Suzuki, Sanyo and Yamaha. They mainly sell products to Japan and Europe. The other group of manufacturers is much smaller in size and sales volume. These manufacturers have products they sell into the U. S. , European and Asian markets. Porters five-forces model is a powerful tool for systematically diagnosing the principal competitive pressures in a market and assessing how strong and important each one is. The electric vehicle industry is a definite for applying this technique. These are my observations about the five forces affecting the EV industry: †¢ The rivalry among competing sellers in the EV industry is high, with new businesses popping up every year. †¢ The barriers to entry for new competitors at this time is low, which is why rivalry is becoming stronger among companies with new companies forming left and right. The threat of substitute products is also high because new technology combined with new and innovative companies has created many product options in the EV industry. †¢ The bargaining power of suppliers is the EV industry is low because so many companies exist that create the parts EV markers are looking for. This gives companies more options at finding the cheapest prices fo r the parts they need. †¢ Finally, the bargaining power of customers is high, because there are so many companies out there offering electric vehicles.This allows consumers to pick and choose whom they want to deal with, thus lowering the bargaining power of the business itself. The major factors causing the EV industrys competitive structure to change is product innovation and regulatory influences. With product innovation, the key to success is capturing the imagination of the customers. Also, with the rising energy costs facing the world today, governments might require permits or licenses on the EV industry thus dampening the attractiveness of the market.Before the energy problem, recharging an EV was cost-efficient, but with this rise in energy prices, a potential alteration of consumer perception about the cost of owning an EV might occur. In my opinion, these driving forces only dampen the industry thus allowing only early-movers to be the most likely to survive the competition of this industr y. Is the industry attraction? Basing my decision on Porters five-forces model, I would have to say that the EV industry in unattractive. This is because anyone can enter into the industry thus creating too much competition which will drive prices down.This driving of prices downward will cause new entrants into the business to see no real profit growth. Also, new products being created keeps giving consumers new ideas to buy. This also makes it harder for businesses in the EV industry to find ways to make buyers choose their business. Also, suppliers have strong bargaining power so industries have a difficult time trying to shop around for the best prices on the parts they need. However, Zap was an early mover and is a current market leader in the industry and with a good strategy can have a profitable future that new entries find they cant get. Because Zap was an early mover into the EV industry, they have positioned themselves very high in the marketplace. This is a result of several acquisitions made including a major acquisition of EV Systems, CA. They also acquired several patents which helped keep other companies from copying their designs and what they put into their designs. They also conducted most of their business overseas which helped to save Zap money, which allowed them to focus on their distribution methods. Also, they are environmental friendly which allows consumers to look at them when deciding between electric and gas powered vehicles.Their present strategy is to develop, acquire and commercialize electric vehicles and electric vehicle propulsion systems that have fundamental, practical and environmental advantages over available internal combustion modes of transportation, while also having the ability to be produced commercially on an economically competitive basis. Also, they have positioned themselves as the premier EV provider, have strong focus on aggressive sales activity and a strong emphasis on product RD. 5. Sizing up a firms resource strengths and weaknesses and its external opportunities and threats, is commonly known as a SWOT analysis.After reading the Zap analysis, I have determined these strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: Strengths †¢ Important Patents Through internal development and acquisition, Zap had procured 14 patents associated with EV design implementation. †¢ Strong Global Distribution Increasing demand coupled with increasing competition prompted Starr to shift production of high-volume products to Taiwan (the leading country in sales of electric bikes) to trim costs and to allow the company to focus its efforts on improving distribution. †¢ Joint Ventures Zap formed a joint venture agreement with Nongbo Topp Industrial Company Ltd.Of China to manufacture and distribute EVs in China. †¢ Strong Advertising Twelve electric bikes were used at the 2000 Olympics for regular patrols of the Olympic villages. Also, Actor Kevin Spacey drove a Zap scooter when appearing on the Tonight Show with David Letterman. Also, Zap scooters had found their way into four big screen movie productions in the summer of 2001. Weaknesses †¢ Higher overall unit costs relative to key competitors are a big problem facing Zap. †¢ Sub-par profitability †¢ Zap is short on financial resources to fund promising strategic initiatives.Opportunities †¢ Serving additional customer groups or expanding into new geographic markets or product segments. †¢ Acquisition of rival firms or companies with attractive technological expertise. (Zap purchased Electric Motorbike Inc. , a firm that developed electric scooters, motorbikes and motorcycles. ) †¢ Expanding the companys product line to meet a broader range of customer needs. (In May 2000 Starr introduced a new generation of non-powered scooter called The Kick, that used inline skate technology. Threats †¢ Likely entry of potent new competitors. Zap stayed busy with litigations protecting them from patent infringement by other copycat products. ) †¢ Slowdowns in market growth. (A shift in buyer needs and tastes away from the industrys product. There is a growing concern that the boost in sales of electronic scooters may just be a fad. ) †¢ Vulnerability to industry driving forces. (Advances in battery technology area driving force in the rise in interest and investment in the short-range EV market. Rapidly rising gasoline prices and an electric power crisis in California during 2000 has contributed to the growing concern about the external environment of EVs. Given the four lists above, I am able to draw the following conclusion about Zaps overall attractiveness. Zap has what appears to be a winning and competitively powerful strategy with a broader product line than most rivals. The companys early presence in the industry gives it important first-mover advantages and a competitive advantage over most other rivals. After reviewing case exhibits 2 and 3, I have determined that their operating expenses are too high. Zaps profit margins have increased over the last five year period from 22. 3% in 1997 to 36. % in 2000. However, they were still unable to cover their operating expenses that increased over the same period, resulting in losses from operations. Also, Zap was unable to provide a return on investments for its shareholders, which can have an impact on future investment opportunities. Zaps current ratios over the last five years have increased with a ratio of 5. 15 in 2000. This shows that Zap has been able to pay off its current debt when due without having to sell off its inventory. Finally, Zap has recorded a net loss for 6 consecutive years.Since it is an emerging industry, it is expected that Zap would incur losses until the industry is consolidated and they are able to achieve greater market penetration. Overall, Zap is on track for most emerging businesses, and because it was an early-mover, will have to the advantage to grow into a profitable company. After reviewing case exhibits 12-17, I have come up with the following five year sales forecast with minimum, maximum and expected sales with regards to their global penetration and the sales of just electric bicycles and scooters. (Note: estimates are in the millions. Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5 Scooters215. 0 minimum 0 maximum 58 expected226. 0 minimum 75 maximum 0 expected236. 0 minimum 0 maximum 7 expected241. 0 minimum 7 maximum 0 expected249. 0 minimum 0 maximum 75 expected Bicycles260. 0 minimum 7 maximum 0 expected269. 0 minimum 0 maximum 5 expected280. 0 minimum 0 maximum 7 expected290. 0 minimum 0 maximum 73 expected295. 0 minimum 5 maximum 7 expected The increasing population of China and the rapid increasing in the sale of EVs in this market will help Zap to continue its market growth over the next five years with increase in sales and distribution.This trend might also take effect with the growing users of EVs in European markets as well. This trend might not affect U. S. markets because of our cultures need for gas powered vehicles. 8. The first challenge the company faces is trying to sell as many electric bikes as they do electric scooters. At the same time that Zap was transferring its manufacturing overseas, it was also trying to reposition itself as an overall provider of premier EV products with a primary focus on aggressive sales activity. However, in trying to accomplish both these tasks at the same time, Zaps market for electric bikes took a big dive.In 2000, scooter sales were leading bike sales by a ratio of 7 to 1. Zap cannot call itself the overall provider of premier EV products with its electric bikes sales plummeting significantly. The next challenge facing the company is creating a forecast of the demand for electric bikes. Since Zap is lagging in its electric bike sales, they are in desperation to create a forecast for demand in order to have a numeric goal. Finally, the company wants to alter its current generic strategy for obtaining a significant position in an industry still in its infancy.In order to accomplish this, Zap should be asking themselves; what is the best way to become the overall provider of premier EV products 9. The first problem was trying to accomplish two major ventures (one international venture and one market penetration venture) at the same time, thus causing electric bike sales to plummet. One alternative to this situation is to allow Hutchins, Rocklemwitz and Cronk (international gurus) to head the Taiwanese production venture and allow others who are strong in marketing to focus on ensuring that Zap becomes the overall provider of premier EV products. A second alternative would b e to focus first on transferring manufacturing to Taiwan then work on becoming the overall provider of premier EV products. The second issue was forecasting. One alternative is to center the forecast around similar recreational products. It is always good to benchmark your products; however, companies must be careful to benchmark according to product lines and not companies as a whole. Another alternative to this could also be to focus on market demographics and environmental variables.Warning: Environmental variables, depending on location, may differ drastically. Finally, an alternative for their generic strategy should be a market penetration strategy, which could help create a higher volume of sales at lower prices. Lowering the prices of their products could help increase their demand and limit future opportunities for lower-priced competitors that were already driving down the average selling prices of EVs. Another alternative to this could also be a skimming strategy, by estricting demand by maintaining a high price, which could create better results. Higher prices may provide higher profit margins and allow Zaps products to maintain a position of superiority in the EV industry. My final recommendations as far as forecasting would be to utilize both benchmarking and market demographics. When weighing the pros and cons, I find it strange for a company to use one forecasting tool without the other. Benchmarking will help Zap better understand the strategies of competitors.Then they can take the information gathered here and use it in trying to study market demographics for their own industry. Also, I would recommend Zap use the skimming strategy. They dont want to make mistakes that might jeopardize their current superiority. If they were to go with a market penetration strategy, they would be sacrificing quality products to help gain market entry at lower prices, but they dont want their profits to suffer because consumers sense a lack of quality.

The American Dream1 essays

The American Dream1 essays It is not uncommon for one to pursue their dreams. For example, students incessantly work with the objective of academic success. Frequently, these students have set certain goals for themselves and strive to reach them. The American dream can be compared to a grade that a student works relentlessly to obtain. This is evidently a goal that one sets for himself/herself. The dream is a grade, not always being easy to achieve, yet attainable through keen determination and hard work. As people migrate across the Atlantic Ocean from foreign countries with a certain goal, they see the Statue of Liberty holding her torch of freedom. Then, each new set of eyes that sees this bold statue is assimilated by the wave of exuberance that sweeps their hearts. After the bewilderment stops, the new immigrants realize that they are about to step foot in America, home of the Majorities of people who immigrate to this country or who are native to this land have a distinct dream of what life will be like in America. Upon painting this original and bold picture in their minds, themes of freedom, prosperity and success all permeate throughout most dreams. By viewing the American dreams of St. Jean De Crevecoeur, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Iola Leroy, and the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, one can clearly notice the differences and similarities among the St. Jean De Crevecoeur called the American dream a positive experience. De Crevecoeur emigrated from Europe to America around 1754. In his eyes, America was a fresh sheet of paper awaiting a new painting of the good life. According to his views, Americans can originate from anywhere and still be called an American. De Crevecoeur believes eyes sought after the American dream, and many found even more. Martin Luther King Jr. was an American with his own goals. Although he was a ...

Management and Manufacturing Philosophy to Toyota Case Study

Management and Manufacturing Philosophy to Toyota - Case Study Example This management and manufacturing philosophy is, without doubt, the key to Toyota's global success but, upon consideration of the reasons for its recent overtake of the U.S. market, one finds that it is a combination of both its decision to Americanize and its management philosophy. Toyota has Americanized and, its Americanization is large, although not entirely, responsible for its success in the U.S. market. As Naughton et al. (2005) explain, a change of leadership at Toyota led to the abandonment of its "cooperative competition doctrine," as which outlined that Toyota's presence in the United States would not be that of a competitor whose goal was to overtake leading American car manufacturers such as GM. Instead, Toyota was to maintain a "respectful distance" in order to avoid arousing both public and political anger as a direct outcome of its appearing to undermine U.S. symbols, in this case, GM (Naughton et al., 2005). Therefore, even though it had the capacity and the potential to compete with GM and, eventually, to dominate the U.S. market, Toyota's leadership made the strategic decision to avoid doing so. Toyota's decision to forgo its "cooperative competition" philosophy is not, in its... ose aim was the weakening of the American economy and the strengthening of the Japanese one but, as a domestic manufacturer, an American automobile manufacturer whose origins happen to be foreign. Indeed, its decision to hire American managers in its U.S. plants and offices and to give itself a quintessentially American image facilitated public and political acceptance of it as a constructive addition to the American economy (Fujimoto, 1999). The implication here is that Americanization effectively annihilated the protective barrier which domestic consumers generally impose vis--vis foreign competitors whom they believe function as a threat to the health of the domestic economy and, by extension, to the livelihood of the domestic labor force (Fujimoto, 1999). That Toyota's decision to reinvent itself as an American company, to abandon its "cooperative competition" doctrine, is that one change which stands out as central to its recent successes on the U.S. market, is an opinion echoed by several (Taylor and Kahn, 1997; Fujimoto, 1999; Schonberger, 2001). Taylor and Kahn (1997) contend that success on the American market was not simply an outcome of its adoption of an American image,' but its highly successful embrace of the American management and competitive philosophy.  Ã‚  

Unit 7 Discussion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Unit 7 Discussion - Research Paper Example nking alcohol: â€Å"youth under age 21, college-age young adults, senior citizens, women, and ethnic and racial minorities† (National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d., p. 1). From the evaluation of the performance of the NIAAA and other agencies tasked with preventing and addressing alcoholism, it could be deduced the program that aims to prevent and treat alcoholism seems to be ineffective. From the statistics reported by the NIAAA, it was revealed that as much as 17 million Americans have been diagnosed with AUD (National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d.). The figure represents 5% of the total population of the United States which is 313.9 million, as revealed from the U.S. Census Bureau. Concurrently, treatment fidelity means â€Å"the strategies that monitor and enhance the accuracy and consistency of an intervention to ensure it is implemented as planned and that each component is delivered in a comparable manner to all study participants over time† (Smith, Daunic, & Taylor, 2013). It could effectively determine the effectiveness of a human services program since the monitoring would entail focusing on the population at risk over a considerable length of time. Actually, the weaknesses in the program should be identified and appropriate interventions should be improved to appropriately and ultimately prevent identified deviances or maladjusted behavior. National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (n.d.). Alcohol Use Disorders. Retrieved from niaaa.nih.gov: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-use-disorders National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (n.d.). Special Populations & Co-occurring Disorders. Retrieved from niaaa.nih.gov: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/special-populations-co-occurring-disorders Smith, S., Daunic, A., & Taylor, G. (2013). Treatment Fidelity in Applied Educational Research: Expanding the Adoption and Application of Measures to Ensure

Consumer Behaviour in the Coffee and Tea Industries

Consumer Behaviour in the Coffee and Tea Industries 1.0 The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf is a standard coffee house in the market. It provides the high price coffee compare to the normal coffee shop. Even like that, there are still many people like to purchase and consume the coffee in the Coffee Bean. There are many reasons make the consumers purchase the coffee in Coffee Bean. 1.1 Quality of the Products The reason that makes the consumer addicted to the coffee is because the quality of the coffee. The Coffee Bean is importing the coffee nuts directly from the finest coffee estates in the growing regions around the world. This can enables the finest standard of the coffees nuts that is importing directly. Every outlet of the Coffee Bean provides the same standard of the coffee. This can make sure consumer confident in the quality of the products when they consume the coffee. Beside that, the consumer can enjoy the same taste, same standard coffee in every different country or outlet. 1.2 Healthy Products Coffee Bean holds a concept of produce healthy products to public. The consumer willing to spend money in Coffee Bean one of the reason is they take care about the health of the consumer. Coffee Bean is using the non-fat milk in their ingredient of making every different coffee. This make consumer fully enjoy their coffee. 1.3 Baking Technique Beside the quality of the coffee nuts that provided by the Coffee Bean, the baking technique of the coffee is important to the consumer also. Every coffee shop has the own baking technique method. Coffee Bean provides the own standard baking technique compare to the normal coffee shop. The normal coffee shop provides the different baking method while they make the coffee. The consumer cannot enjoy the same taste coffee because the normal coffee shop did not apply the standard baking method. Coffee Bean is giving the standard and professional training to the barista. All of the barista working in the coffee shop is full of experience and the technique of baking or making coffee. This can make sure all the consumers consume the quality and standard coffee. Besides the experiences barista in the Coffee Bean, they also well know for the lighter roasts. The coffees are full or mild and delicate flavor. These coffees are sure to please every palate. Every coffee that provided inside the me nu is full of the unique taste, the consumer can seeking the ultimate coffee experience. 1.4 Environment Environment in Coffee Bean also make the consumer willing to spend to the expensive coffee. Coffee Bean provides the comfortable environment to consumer. They are serving the consumer with the comfortable chair. The consumer can sit relaxing and enjoy their coffee well. Rather than that, the whole concept of renovation is full of the handcrafted oak paneled. The consumer can feel the nature of the lifestyle when their consuming the coffee inside the stores. Coffee Bean also is an ideal social gathering place for friends and family. They can spend the more time enjoying their coffee by sitting on the comfortable couch, chit chat with friends, and so on. Beside that, Coffee Bean also provides the WI-FI service. The consumer even can spend a day online and enjoy the coffee. Many of the students like to consume the coffee there because they can enjoy the WI-FI service also. 1.5 Status in the Society There are huge difference prices between the coffee in normal coffee shop and Coffee Bean. Sometimes, human always have the mind set that who are consuming the expensive products and they are the rich people or in the high standard level. They willing to spend because they like to show they are rich and high class than other people. They think the coffee in Coffee Bean is worth and reasonable prices. Coffee Bean also provides the destination and lifestyle quality experience to the consumer. They wanted the respect from the other people because they are purchasing the expensive products. Some of the consumer likes to consume the coffee in Coffee Bean because they want to get close with the friends. Some of their friends like to spend time and money in the standard and quality coffee. They just a part of the follower and they try to get close of the culture in their gang. Even the price is much more expensive than the normal coffee but most of the consumer will think that there is wort h of it. They can enjoy the standard quality and also show the high status in the society. They think that can build the respectful relationship in the society. Normally, the high class people can gain the respectful from other people. 2.0 Importance of Consumer Behavior Studies of consumer behavior are important in the society, community or even in the business industry. Consumer is playing the essential role in the market. The marketer needs to analyze the behavior of them before the new product launched in the market because consumer will like or dislike the products. This will strongly affect the profit and the images of the company. This only way to understand the consumer behavior is from the research or observation. The consumer behavior can strongly help the marketer in the business industry. 2.1 Setting Marketing Strategy Consumer behavior can assist the marketer in doing the marketing strategy. By observing the buying behavior of the consumer, the marketer will know how to plan their products in 4P that are product, price, place and promotion. With the result of the research on the consumer behavior, the marketer can know what product that needs in the market. After develop a new product, they can easily set the price of the product with the buying behavior. Other than that, the marketer can know which place is more suitable to set an outlet or held an event. At last, they will know what kind of the promotion will attract more consumer to purchase and intents more consumer to aware their products. 2.2 Predict the Consumer Consumer is important to the business. If there is no loyalty consumer in the product, the product must be unsuccessful in the market. Consumer can influence the huge affection to the business. Prediction on the consumer is important. The marketer should know the buying process of their consumers and try to satisfy their needs and wants. This can pleased the consumer and they will be giving the positive post purchase to the product and purchase again. This also can increase the sales of the products. The satisfaction of the customer will make the sales increase because they would like to purchase again or introduce to their friends and family. 2.3 Market Segmentation and Market Positioning Research on the consumer behavior easy the marketer segment the market. They know different needs of the consumer can group into different categories. Market can segment to races, gender, age, and so on. With the result on the hand, the marketer can easily to segment their product into which categories to make the products more successful. Besides that, the marketer also can know the market positioning of the products. Market positioning is what the position of the product in the eye of the consumer. With the result, the marketer can easily find out the brand position and the level of their products in the market. 2.4 Develop New Product and Pricing Strategies With the result of the research on the consumer behavior, the marketer knows well in the behavior of the consumer buying process and buying decision. Other than that, they also know the needs of the consumer. The marketer can easily to develop a whole new concept of the products that is fix to the consumers needs and wants. This also can satisfy and pleased the consumer when they purchasing the products that are really fix to their needs. Consumer behavior also can help the marketer how to place a price in a product. By the observation, the marketer can know how much the consumer can afford to their products and which pricing strategies can be practiced in their products. 3.0 Interview Three Families Family is an external factor that can influence the buying decision when the consumer needs to purchase a product. Each of every family will have the different buying behavior in their families. And yet sometimes the people who decide on the buying process and playing the main role while purchasing the products will influenced by other factors also. I had already interviewed 3 different families that having the different buying behavior in the family. 3.1 First Family The first family that I interviewed is a Chinese traditional thinking family. In this family, man will always be the main character in making decisions and everything. So, the father plays the main role on the buying decision. The other family members will just follow the instruction from the father. In the other hand, the mother is an ordinary housewife and she listened and obeyed to her husband. Meanwhile, the father will be the main income supporter in the family and in fact he has the power to make the decision for purchasing. However, some of the decision will not agree with the other family members but the father will be the final decider. 3.1.1 Influence in Culture Male is the main character in the first family. Everything should be decided by the father who majority earn and spend in the family. The culture of this family is discriminating the decision that made by the feminine. In the Chinese thinking, man always plays the main role. However, some of the decision may not be agreed by the other family members but the father has the power to influence the others to agree with him. This is because of their family culture is the man who decides and making decision. Although they do not agree but they just have to blindly follow because this is the culture in the family. 3.1.2 Influence in Demographic One of the factors that influence the other family members to adopt and accept the decision made by father in the Chinese traditional thinking family is demographic. Demographic can categories to age, gender, income and so on. The father mainly is the first person who supports the family with his income. His wife and his children have no power to control the usage of the income. The father himself has more power to control his income rather than other family members. So, he has the final buying decision to purchase compare to the family members which were incapable in gaining income ability. Besides that, the father is the eldest in the family. All of the family members have to pay respect on his decision because of his age. They respect the experience that he had and they willing to follow what he decided for them. They will show loyalty and trust to the fatherà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s decision. 3.1.3 Influence in Social Status On the other hand, father is an important social status in a family. Usually the children will follow what the father plan for them. They respect him because he is the father and the head of the family. He should not be giving the wrong decision to them and yet he always had to lead the family members to the right way. So, as for the practice, the family members had relied and believed on him. 3.2 Second Family The second family that I interviewed is a family which is the mother being the main role of buying decision. Both of the parents in this family are working parents. The mother is the one who earn more than the father. She is doing the final decision when the family wants to purchase a product. She is a strong view woman whom can made accurate decisions. And because by the word saying that women were gifted in the nature of comparing and strong in bargaining prices, she plays a very important role in the family. This is different and a bit of modern family compare to the first family. 3.2.1 Influence in Culture The character of mother in this family is stronger than the father because she is the one who playing the main role in buying process. She will be planning everything since the child was born. This is the one of the culture that being practice in this family. The father is giving the rights and authorities to his wife to decide everything for the family. The father, in this family rather not very well in planning and making decision on the products that they want to purchase, will passed the final decision to his wife. This culture is practice ever since the family was being formed. The children already being get use of this culture, and so they will just have to adopt it. 3.2.2 Influence in Demographic The mother in the second family that I interviewed worked as an assistant manager in the bank. Her monthly income is much more than the father. So, she always has the right to decide what to purchase. The children have no ability to purchase without the money from the mother. So, they will just have to accept what the mother bought for them. 3.2.3 Influence in Social Status The mother which holds a high education background compare to the father in the second family, her social status is higher than the father in fact she always will be consulting her children about their future plan, like selecting university to further off, what courses they should take. The children would like to follow and agree with her because she is having the high social status in the society. Besides that, she is the strong view mother in the family. The children would like to listen to mother because mother has the important position in the children heart. From the baby till adult, mother paying more concern to the children. So, they show the respective to the mother. 3.3 Third Family The third Family that I interviewed is the family who has the retirement parents. The son in the family will be the main role on the buying decision. The son is an adult worker who already worked in the society more than 10 years and he is the only son in the family. His parents are the baby boomers who are already retired long time. He is the only economy pillar which majority supporting the family. All the decision will be made by him because his parents are low education and retired old folks. 3.3.1 Influence in Demographic This factor is same with the first and the second families. The income factors influence the decision that make by the main role. The retired parents have no ability to purchase and the money is given by their son. The son has the right to decide what to purchase because he has the income earning. Age also is one of the factors that influence the retired parents follow the decision that make by the son. They think they already in the old generation and know nothing compare to the son so they just agree with him. 3.3.2 Influence in Social Status The retired parents were sending their son to the high education and they know their son have the high education. They believed that the knowledge of their child can make perfect decision. Additional they have got no other to depend on, and the only option they can only trust on their one and only child. From the above we can find three various families which show us different people playing the main role has a different buying decision.

Human Resources Management and Training Essay

A writing audit contains some basic rundown of key sources, yet it, for the most part, has a hierarchical example and joins both outline and mix, regularly inside particular reasonable sorts. A synopsis is an audit of the fundamental data of the source, however, a union is an improvement, or a rebuild, of that data in a way that illuminates how you are wanting to examine an exploration issue. The systematic highlights of a writing audit may: †¢ Give another clarification of old material or blend of new with old understandings, †¢ Trace the subjective improvement of the field, including principle talks about, †¢ Based on the circumstance, asses the sources and guide the peruser on the most reasonable or pertinent, or †¢ Usually, in the consummation of a writing survey, distinguish where defects exist in how an issue has been looked into to date. The reason for a writing survey is to: †¢ Place each work in the encompassing of its presentation to the comprehension of the exploration issue being considered, †¢ Describe the association of each work to the others under survey, †¢ Identify better approaches to clarify, and shed light on any defects in past research, †¢ Solving issues among as far as anyone knows nullification of past examinations, †¢ Point the path in dealing with a requirement for additional examination, and †¢ Discover your own particular discoveries inside the setting of existing writing. The writing survey which was utilized: †¢ Methodological Survey : This approach gives a structure of comprehension at various levels (i.e. those of hypothesis, substantive fields, investigate methodologies and information accumulation and examination strategies), empowers specialists to draw on a wide variety of understanding going from the applied level to useful archives for use in hands on work in the zones of ontological and epistemological thought, quantitative and subjective reconciliation, testing, talking with, information gathering and information examination, and helps feature numerous moral issues which we ought to know about and consider as we experience our examination. †¢ Argumentative Audit This shape analyzes writing specifically so as to help or disprove a contention, profoundly embedded figure, or philosophical blemishes effectively settled in the writing. The design is to build up a group of writing that sets up a contrarian perspective. Given the esteem loaded nature of some sociology inquire about [e.g., instructive change; migration control], contentious ways to deal with dissecting the writing can be honest to goodness and essential type of talk. Nonetheless, take note of that they can likewise present issues of predisposition when they are utilized to make rundown cases of the sort found inefficient surveys. †¢ Theoretical Audit The target of this frame is to inspect the corpus of the hypothesis that has aggregated with respect to an issue, idea, hypothesis, wonders. The hypothetical writing audit help builds up what speculations as of now exist, the connections between them, to what degree the current speculations have been explored, and to grow new theories to be tried. Regularly this shape is utilized to help set up an absence of suitable speculations or uncover that momentum hypotheses are insufficient for clarifying new or developing examination issues. The unit of examination can concentrate on a hypothetical idea or an entire hypothesis or structure.

Motivators of Fraud in Health Care Essay

What are the motivators of Health Care fraud? At first thought, I suspect it was for the love of money but then I felt like it has to be more to it than that. Why would people risk it all to defraud insurance companies and even the government? After a while, it’s clearly not about the money because the longer a company goes without being caught, they won’t be hurting for financial wealth so why continue? How do you know when you are being charged for test and check that you don’t need? During this essay, I will answer these questions as well as describe what acts as motivators for these health Care frauds. According to the text, the health care industry is the (single largest single industry) in the United States economy. The structure of today’s health system, it leaves huge opportunities for fraud to take place. Back in the early 1980’s; doctors would provide medical care to patients and then later file a claim with the issuance company of the patient or send a bill in the mail for the patient. Prior to a doctor submitting his or her bill, it would be reviewed by a medical coder who was able to determine the legitimacy of treatment that was required. With the presence of modern technology, doctors file their claims but now they are reviewed by computers which open the door for more opportunities to defraud the insurance companies. In these situation, I feel the fraud in this case is motivated by the fact that those insurance companies don’t find it very important to review claims and therefore are only getting always with what insurers are allow to. Those committing healthcare fraud include organized criminal groups, individuals, and health care providers. The individuals committing  healthcare fraud see the crime as low risk and high reward since many perpetrators are never caught. If they are caught the penalties are relatively less severe than other crimes. For example, in a 2010 study on the effectiveness of healthcare fraud taskforces, the average convicted offender received three to five years, but the total amount of fraudulent billings in the 200 sampled cases exceeded a billion dollars. The most common form of fraud is false billing. There are a wide variety of billing schemes, but generally a person committing fraud will bill an insurer for a service that was never performed. For example, many perpetrators will obtain patient information from hospitals or other sources and use that information to charge both public and private health programs for false reimbursement claims. How can you tell when you are at risk of being charged for treatment not received or not needed? Picture this scenario, a lady goes into a minimum care facility and tells the receptionist that she has a pain in her hand, the receptionist tells her that she needs an X-rays. The patient responds by wanting to see the doctor first. The receptionist tells that patient that it is protocol that they get X-rays before the doctor will see her. The lady gets the X-ray and is then seen by the doctor who finds a cyst and the patient is treated and released. In that scenario, this medical facility disguised unneeded charges by â€Å"protocol.† No one actually knows the extent or motivators of fraud in healthcare, we have only estimates and the bases for them often seem a tad bit flimsy. I feel that Healthcare frauds happen for two reasons, greed for financial superiority and there is no jail time in most cases. First of all, Healthcare is rarely paid for out of pocket and the consumers of the healthcare services have little incentive to check their bills. Unless the actual payer of the bills follow-up with the receiver of the service or treatment, the crimes of overcharging, will go unnoticed. The insurance companies, private and public third-party payment programs, were not in the room when the services were provided and do not know whether they were needed or actually supplied. Finally, when a doctor makes 10 million dollars because of overcharging, charging for services not required or not given and he is only fined 5 or 6 million dollar and there’s no jail time. He still came out on top and continues to practice medicine because he rationalizes it by blaming it on the patients, bookkeepers and even the government. References Benson, M. L. & Simpson, S. S. (2010). White-Collar Crime: An Opportunity Perspective, research, 9-12. https://www.nampi.org/members/2010presentations/KeynoteAddress.pdf http://mjpetro.typepad.com/7th_circuit_alert/2011/07/42-usc-1320a-7b-medicare-fraud-primary-motivation-doctrine-rejected.html