Featured Post

God does not Play Dice but Science does Research Paper

God doesn't Play Dice yet Science does - Research Paper Example Before the Big Bang our universe was no greater than the size of a nu...

Friday, September 4, 2020

God does not Play Dice but Science does Research Paper

God doesn't Play Dice yet Science does - Research Paper Example Before the Big Bang our universe was no greater than the size of a nuclear core. Science clarifies that from that point forward the universe has been extending at a consistent rate (John, 1997). It was Edwin Hubble in 1929 whose perceptions affirmed this suspicion. Despite the fact that the universe is growing, nobody realizes what it is venturing into. The laws of science could clarify the underlying states of the universe however would neglect to explain the explanation as a result of which the universe started. Prior to the Eighteenth century, it was accepted that such inquiries had a place with the domain of transcendentalism or religion. Today such a methodology is broadly viewed as over the top as science in the 21st century could unwind the most amazing puzzles. Our view of existence have been significantly affected by speculations including Einstein’s general hypothesis of Relativity, Newton's hypothesis of gravity and to a great extent by the Quantum hypothesis. Einst ein's extraordinary hypothesis of relativity, which was later adjusted as the general hypothesis of relativity and Newton's hypothesis are old style speculations. Their suggestions recommended that existence were a fixed foundation. Time resembled a long track extending in just two ways. Einstein discovered multitudinous troubles when he attempted to accommodate his uncommon hypothesis with Newton's hypothesis of Gravity. He in the end depended on the end that space itself was bended and it was not isolated from time. He featured the way that gravity had twisted everything in space. Items in space would attempt to move a straight way however their ways would seem, by all accounts, to be twisted. It was hence assessed that because of sun's mass space-time would bend which twists the way of the planets. Space-time could be characterized as the four dimensional space whose each point is an occasion. Einstein's General hypothesis of relativity which further expressed that the laws of sc ience ought to be same for all spectators was affirmed in 1915, roughly ten years after the acknowledgment of the exceptional hypothesis of relativity. Presently one may ponder that reality could be more bizarre than fiction on the grounds that the laws which oversee universe can shape reality in the most surprising style. It is unavoidable to overlook these mind boggling ideas on the off chance that we are to build up a comprehension of reality from a logical point. The revelation of Quantum mechanics in 1926 was probably the best accomplishment ever for science. Einstein was mostly liable for its revelation yet Max Planck assumed the significant job. The word 'Quantum' has been gotten from 'Quanta' which implies parcels. Quantum material science manages the investigation of sub-nuclear particles and as indicated by numerous researchers this hypothesis has gotten a component of vulnerability present day material science (Michel, 2006). A significant idea which shapes the premise of Quantum hypothesis is the Heisenberg's vulnerability standard. It expresses that one can't precisely decide the speed and position of a molecule at the same time. On the off chance that you would attempt to quantify a molecule's area precisely, at that point you won't have the option to decide its genuine speed. Einstein had before proposed that light comprised of particles known as 'photons'. He in this way clarified how electrons in a strong body would be removed if light fell on it. It ought to be noticed that Quantum mechanics work on an extremely little scope yet it stays a critical piece of Science. Anyway Richard Feynman's hypothesis without which the Quantum hypothesis is deficient can be applied for a bigger scope. As indicated by its standards each occasion or

Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Business Messages Essay

In a customary working environment, reminders are the typical type of business messages that are sent from officials to representatives. With the coming of innovation, the issuance of notices is frequently restricted to subjects of general intrigue, as authoritative gatherings or strategy changes. On the off chance that I were a lead engineer in Cards4U, I’d amplify the utilization of quicker and increasingly proficient apparatuses to help me in speaking with different individuals from the group, just as organization administrators and potential customers.â That implies messages will be the essential wellspring of correspondence among the colleagues, since sending and accepting messages take just a couple of moments to a couple minutes.â E-mail interchanges are advantageous, shouldn't be excessively formal, and can be gotten to whenever, anywhere.â The reminders will be used to advise the CEO or clients in regards to item introductions and updates. Since I’m a lead engineer in an imaginative structure gathering, introductions utilizing PowerPoint or Flash would be helpful in displaying most recent plans and innovations.â Reports are likewise important to record the advancement, exercises, and changes in the creation department.â Face to confront gatherings with clients are essential to build up affinity and get them to purchase your structures, or get their criticism. In the event that up close and personal gathering is beyond the realm of imagination, telephone calls can likewise be used.â Meeting the CEO for updates and improvements would likewise expect up close and personal encounters.â However, on the off chance that the CEO started discussion utilizing messages, at that point, I should take his lead and answer utilizing the equivalent medium.â But in the event that the message were sent through the more conventional reminder, at that point the answer would likewise be of that sort. All the more significantly, in a business correspondence that I would send, the messages ought to be succinct, direct forthright, and expert. References Business/Professional Writing.(1995-2004). OWL at Purdue University.â Retrieved December 4, 2007, from:â http://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/pp/index.html#business Ramsey, L. (2005). Business E-mail Messages and Professionalism.â Retrieved December 4, 2007, from, http://website101.com/email_e-mail/e-mail_business-etiquette.html Kotelnikov, V. Viable Business Communication. Recovered December 4, 2007, from  â â â â â â http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/biz_communication_main.html

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Illustrations Improve Retention and Understanding

Delineations Improve Retention and Understanding Its as simple as tumbling off a log, he was quicker than lubed lightning, she was more slow than molasses.All of these announcements share something for all intents and purpose. They are altogether approaches to delineate a nature of somebody or something.Its been said that words generally can't do a picture justice. In the event that youve ever attempted to collect something that you bought in pieces, for example, a cabinet or other household item, you can value the honesty of that announcement. Regardless of whether the bearings are in Japanese, seeing an image or straightforward drawing can make the important advances understood (or if nothing else more clear). Similarly, pictures make a significant expansion to essentially any type of composing. Notwithstanding, by and large, pictures are simply impossible. At these occasions youll need to depend on another asset, your ability as an author. Would you be able to paint an image with your words? Would you be able to cause your perus er to feel the snowstorm? Smell the newly heated bread? Or on the other hand observe the daylight shining on the frigid sputtering water of a mountain stream? In your true to life composing, would you be able to enable your crowd to comprehend and welcome the essentialness of the point you are attempting to pass on? Word delineations are a significant instrument to assist you with achieving these goals.Illustrations are metaphors, genuine encounters, or stories that help your peruser picture what you are attempting to state. They make your composing all the more fascinating, yet they can likewise help in maintenance and comprehension. For instance, think about The Boy Who Cried Wolf or The Tortoise and the Hare, both piece of Aesops Fables. Every one of these accounts shows a thing or two or contains a good. The tales show the standards being instructed such that makes them clear and simple to recall. Truth be told, the articulation telling a shameful lie has become an English idiom .Real-beneficial encounters, or genuine stories, can be significantly increasingly viable at showing a point. For instance, to show the possibility of never surrendering, you could highlight Thomas Edison. His instructors thought he was too inept to even consider learning anything and he was terminated from his initial two employments for being non-profitable. In spite of the fact that he is well known for creating the light, did you realize that he bombed in his initial 1,000 endeavors? For a less difficult model, you could make reference to that Henry Ford fizzled and lost everything multiple times before he succeeded.Of course, in numerous types of composing, there is no space for a long story, regardless of whether valid or not. This kind of representation would be strange. It would resemble seeing a gold nose ring in the nose of a pig, or about as welcome as ants at an outing. However, dont stress! The least complex, and once in a while best, method of painting an image with wo rds is to utilize a saying. The most straightforward of these is the comparison. As you would figure, the word analogy originates from a similar Latin word as comparable, a word that implies like. At the point when you utilize a likeness you are stating that one thing resembles another, or as another (see the two metaphors toward the start of the section). The greater part of us use comparisons all the time in conventional discussion, maybe without contemplating it. In the event that youve ever said that somebody was as large as a house, as fat as a pig, or as stupid as a stump, youre not decent. Yet, congrats! You realize how to utilize similes.Metaphors are like analogies, yet similitudes make a more grounded examination. Rather than saying that one thing resembles another, a representation says that they are the equivalent. At the point when Shakespeare said that all the universes a phase and all the people just players (As You Like It Act 2 Scene VII), he was utilizing an incred ible illustration. You also can utilize allegories to give an amazing impression or make a solid point, maybe changing a decent likeness into a superior similitude. For instance, you may state that somebody is as bold as a lion. This is utilizing a comparison to give them a decent pat on the back. You could make it a more pleasant commendation by saying that the individual has the core of a lion.However, with the two analogies and allegories, you must be cautious that your perusers dont misunderstand the significance. For instance, in the event that you express the above analogy in an alternate manner, the significance changes. In the event that you simply state that the individual is a lion, would you say you are as yet giving them a pat on the back? Or on the other hand would you say you are stating that they are furious, or go after the powerless, or alarm little kids? Similarly, to be as mindful as a snake is acceptable; to be a snake may not be so acceptable. So at that point, allegories can be utilized to make solid focuses, yet to be successful you need to ensure that they are unambiguous so your perusers unmistakably comprehend what you mean.You may likewise utilize overstatements in your composition. These are conscious distortions. For example, in the event that you said that your wifes espresso was solid to such an extent that you could drift a horseshoe in it, you would utilize overstatement or embellishment (ideally). Like similitudes, metaphors are powerful at making solid focuses yet can be effectively misunderstood.This carries us to our last point. Whatever word picture we paint, regardless of whether using a story, likeness, representation, or exaggeration, its valueless if not comprehended. Truth be told, it might be more awful than valueless; it might take away from your story or befuddle your peruser. How would you ensure that this doesnt occur? In the first place, think about your crowd. Utilizing an amusing story dependent on quantum mec hanics (I know its enticing) as a delineation might be completely worthy when composing for a gathering of hypothetical physicists; for other people, it might be less powerful. Similarly as with numerous everyday issues, its normally best to keep it basic. Attempt to discover sayings or stories that most of individuals can promptly comprehend and relate to. By and large, this implies utilizing examinations that include customary things that influence people groups day by day lives, for example, the climate, family life, the workplace, basic nourishments, etc.Like pictures, outlines, or graphs, word representations can be utilized to change up your composition. However they additionally do significantly more. Utilized appropriately in an anecdotal story, they can include extravagance, profundity, and surface to the image youre painting in the perusers mind. In different types of composing, they can improve your perusers maintenance and comprehension of the focuses you are attempting to pass on.

How to Use Delphi to Build a Custom Windows Explorer

Step by step instructions to Use Delphi to Build a Custom Windows Explorer Windows Explorer is the thing that you use in the Windows working framework to peruse for documents and envelopes. You can make a comparable structure with Delphi so a similar substance is populated inside your projects UI. Normal discourse confines are utilized Delphi to open and spare a document in an application. In the event that you need to utilize redid document chiefs and index perusing discoursed, you need to manage record framework Delphi parts. The Win 3.1 VCL palette bunch incorporates a few segments that permit you to assemble your own custom File Open or File Save exchange box: TFileListBox, TDirectoryListBox, TDriveComboBox, and TFilterComboBox. Exploring Files The record framework segments permit us to choose a drive, see the various leveled catalog structure of a plate, and see the names of the documents in a given index. The entirety of the document framework parts are intended to cooperate. For instance, your code checks what the client has done to, say, a DriveComboBox and afterward gives this data to a DirectoryListBox. The progressions in DirectoryListBox are then passed to a FileListBox wherein the client can choose the file(s) required. Structuring the Dialog Form Start another Delphi application and select the Win 3.1 tab of the Component palette. At that point do the accompanying: Spot one TFileListBox, TDirectoryListBox, TDriveComboBox, and TFilterComboBox part on a structure, keeping the entirety of their default namesAdd one TEdit (named FileNameEdit) and one TLabel (call it DirLabel).Include a couple of marks with inscriptions, similar to File Name, Directory, List Files of Type, and Drives. To show the as of now chose way as a string in a DirLabel parts inscription, allot the Labels name to the DirectoryListBoxs DirLabel property. In the event that you need to show the chose filename in an EditBox (FileNameEdit), you need to appoint the Edit objects Name (FileNameEdit) to the FileListBoxs FileEdit property. More Lines of Code At the point when you have all the record framework segments on the structure, you simply need to set the DirectoryListBox.Drive property and the FileListBox.Directory property all together for the parts to impart and show what the client needs to see. For instance, when the client chooses another drive, Delphi actuates the DriveComboBox OnChange occasion handler. Make it resemble this: Â procedure TForm1.DriveComboBox1Change(Sender: TObject) ;beginDirectoryListBox1.Drive : DriveComboBox1.Drive;end; This code changes the showcase in the DirectoryListBox by initiating its OnChange occasion Handler: Â procedure TForm1.DirectoryListBox1Change(Sender: TObject) ;beginFileListBox1.Directory : DirectoryListBox1.Directory;end; So as to perceive what document the client has chosen, you have to utilize the OnDblClick occasion of the FileListBox: Â procedure TForm1.FileListBox1DblClick(Sender: TObject) ;beginShowmessage(Selected: FileListBox1.FileName) ;end; Recollect that the Windows show is to have a double tap pick the document, not a solitary snap. This is significant when you work with a FileListBox in light of the fact that utilizing a bolt key to travel through a FileListBox would consider any OnClick handler that you have composed. Sifting the Display Utilize a FilterComboBox to control the kind of documents that are shown in a FileListBox. In the wake of setting the FilterComboBoxs FileList property to the name of a FileListBox, set the Filter property to the document types that you need to show. Heres an example channel: Â FilterComboBox1.Filter : All records (*.*)|*.* | Project documents (*.dpr)|*.dpr | Pascal units (*.pas)|*.pas; Insights and Tips Setting the DirectoryListBox.Drive property and the FileListBox.Directory property (in the recently composed OnChange occasion handlers) at runtimeâ can be likewise be done at configuration time. You can achieve this sort of association at configuration time by setting the accompanying properties (from the Object Inspector): DriveComboBox1.DirList : DirectoryListBox1DirectoryListBox1.FileList : FileListBox1 Clients can choose different documents in a FileListBox if its MultiSelect property is True. The accompanying code tells the best way to make a rundown of numerous determinations in a FileListBox and show it in a SimpleListBox (some customary ListBox control). Â var k: integer;...with FileListBox1 doif SelCount 0 thenfor k:0 to Items.Count-1 doif Selected[k] thenSimpleListBox.Items.Add(Items[k]) ; To show full way names that are not abbreviated with an ellipsis, don't dole out a Label object name to the DirLabel property of a DirectoryListBox. Rather, embed a Label into a structure and set its inscription property in the DirectoryListBoxs OnChange occasion to the DirectoryListBox.Directory property.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Value of Flexible Management Essay Example

Estimation of Flexible Management Paper Acquaintance Prior with examining this theme, my impression of the board was restricted. My idea was coincided inside the system of business and financial aspects. Subsequently, my meaning of this build was in mistake. For correction, and fundamental reference, the board is the way toward coordinating assets towards the achievement of a particular objective. This definition, one that I have gotten from the gathering of many, fuses two key factors. The primary employable word in this definition is â€Å"resources. Assets can mean anything from cash, representatives, competitors, understudies, or pretty much any composed exertion, gathering or associate. The other utilitarian variable in this definition is â€Å"goal. † The objective or point of the sorted out exertion can be characterized in endless manners, not just as far as monetary additions or corporate achievement. This definition assists with showing exactly how much administration channels through a gamete of ventures. The executives jobs are found in business just as sports, scholastics, and numerous different ventures in numerous structures. Presently that there is an establishment for what the board is, the reason is this procedure significant? The executives can understand potential and direct assets so that will streamline the arrival on the contributed assets. Directors can make chances of preferred position and advance effective objective fulfillment. In this lays the significance of this job. Powerful administration guarantees that with the utilization of negligible assets, there will be an arrival of most extreme advantages. Since there are such advantages of good administration, it is useful to investigate the assortment of styles. This paper will, first, diagram the significant styles of the board. While there are a wide range of names and characterizations of the executives styles; there are three principle types. These incorporate totalitarian, participatory, and free enterprise. The significant contrast of the three styles is how much the chief coordinates the given assets. The despotic style of the board includes the supervisors settling on all the choices for assets, with no other info. The participative style of the board requires the conference of others, for example, workers, in the dynamic procedure. In free enterprise style of the board, the chief has next to zero section toward assets. We will compose a custom article test on Value of Flexible Management explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Value of Flexible Management explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Value of Flexible Management explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Thinking about the distinctions of these significant styles of the executives, is there one style that outweighs another? Is there a â€Å"best† administrative practice? In 2006, Harvard Business School distributed an article digging into the distinctions of the executives strategies (Silverthorne, 2006). The premise of the article investigates how one’s administration style is vigorously impacted by what sort of individual they are. Along these lines, chiefs should know about the kind of individual they are to completely see how they oversee and in what circumstances they will be effective. This article underpins the thought that a manager’s adequacy is constrained by their prevailing style of the executives. What's more, due to individual manners, chiefs can't change themselves and must be mindful so as to adjust themselves to circumstances that concur with their style of the board. As a general rule, this develop is very unreasonable. We are, intermittently, unfit to pick the circumstances in which we work, expertly. How, at that point, does one oversee adequately? Different administration styles can be utilized subject to the way of life of the business and the idea of the assignment, workforce, and assets. This thought bolsters that the predominant conditions direct the best administration style and supervisors should practice a scope of strategies. This is the resulting focal point of this conversation. While many are characterized by a prevailing style of the executives, a successful supervisor is one who can adjust their administration methods to an assortment as they emerge. Dictatorial Management Autocratic Management is the style where the chief has the best level of authority over the bearing of the assets. In this style, supervisors settle on all choices singularly. Chiefs as a rule direct requests and utilize an exacting arrangement of balanced governance to guarantee adherence to conventions. Additionally know as order the board, directors guide their subordinates, how to do it and when to have it finished by (Coye Belohlav, 1995, p 16). They allocate jobs and duties, set principles, and characterize desires. Inside this style of the board correspondence is one way, and go from the executives to assets. For instance, when the administrator talks the worker tunes in and responds. As characterized over, the reason for the board is to coordinate assets toward an objective. In absolutist administration, the chief defines all objectives with explicit cutoff times to follow progress. The despotic administrator is the head of the dynamic procedure. At the point when an issue emerge the assets report to the director and the administrator assesses the alternatives and settles on the choice with regards to the course and move that ought to be made (Coye Belohlav, 1995). As far as the executives input, the despotic style of the board calls for point by point guidelines of changes that should be made to the last item. Any prizes and acknowledgment presented via absolutist supervisors are directed by how well individuals follow headings. An ideal outline of a working use of the imperious style of the board can be seen however the administration utilized in United States Military. Inside the military the positioning framework sets a scene for the job of the administrator. As per a severe chain of orders, individuals with a higher position than another, have the duty to coordinate the activities of subordinates (See Exhibit A). Subordinates, for example, Airmen, in the U. S. Aviation based armed forces, are accused of completing the sets of their Sergeants and other leaders. There is no conversation or trade of thoughts. Here, directors, or senior officials, give bearings and expect that their assets are dispensed by careful requests. Objectives are set by military authorities and afterward passed on through the positions. All procedure is created by high positioning individuals, also. Individuals from the military are compensated with a progressive position because of appropriately serving inside their relegated job. Despite the fact that totalitarian administration appears to be constrained, there are distinct advantages to view. Since there is clear course given by supervisors who buy in to the dictatorial style, there is no disarray about desires. This away from of what is normal advances errands being finished by cutoff time and item consistency. Alongside the positive parts of the imperious administration style there are sure negative focuses. With this sort of the executives, representatives or assets have no contribution to the errands that they are given (Vanderburg, 2004). This makes the maker be separated from the item. Assets don't feel esteemed and have no possession in their work. Along these lines there is an abatement in inspiration and a high turnover rate. (See Exhibit B) Participative Management The participative style of the board is unique in relation to imperious in that there is a lesser level of bearing from the administrator. A participative administrator, instead of settling on restrictive choices, tries to fuse others all the while. Participative chiefs potentially incorporate subordinates, companions, bosses and different partners in the dynamic procedure (Coleman, 2004). Since this sort of chief thinks about the perspectives on others, choices are regularly settled on dependent on the understanding of the greater part. In spite of the fact that there is significant thought of outer sources, the most participative movement stays inside the quick group of companions. The participative administrator permits less control and bearing to move to subordinates. The topic of how much impact may shift on the individual inclinations and convictions of the chief. This style of the executives may likewise be known as the popularity based style. The correspondence is very broad in this style of the executives. There is impressive trade in the two bearings, from director to assets and the other way around (Coleman, 2004). The perfect is for the greater part to arrive at an agreement over a business choice. The objective setting process is likewise done in a helpful exertion. Participative supervisors settle on objectives with the thought of outside thoughts, too. The availability of arriving at these objectives is likewise a state of conversation in the participative style of the board. This kind of chief has a fatherly quality in that the prosperity and accomplishment of subordinates, companions, bosses and different assets are considered (Coleman, 2004). Along these lines the dynamic procedure isn't one-sided. The participative administration style advances valuable trough criticism. In the event that changes are to be made to the item, there is conversation of the course that ought to be taken. Participative directors give positive input, too. This is in accordance with the fatherly attributes of this style of the executives. When choosing prizes and acknowledgment, participative administration fuses the exhibition audit process. Since participative administrators invite the dynamic job of subordinates, they are happy to talk about worker execution, praise qualities, and create shortcomings. This sort of the board is, maybe, the most common in the foundation of numerous huge organizations, today. Companies, for example, IBM, Home Depot, Pitney Bowes and endless others have grasped participative administration s

Saturday, August 8, 2020

Coffee Talk

Coffee Talk One of the things I truly love about MIT is that you never know when youll learn, stumble-upon and/or be run over by something new. While waiting in line for some iced tea this morning the two architecture students behind me were discussing their current fabrication project involving modular design, scalability and the potential and weaknesses of incorporating transparent concrete. Wait, what? So apparently there is something called transparent concrete. Its really only semi-transparent (for now) but it still reminded me about how much innovation there is in an essentially millennia-old technology. MIT is in on the concrete re-imagining, too. Professors Ulm and Vandamme have shown how to slow concrete creep, the time-dependent deformation that occurs in concrete when it is subjected to load and which eventually causes it to fail. Based on their findings, creep could be reduced to the point where concrete could last for hundreds or perhaps thousands of years, rather than the 10s of years in current construction. Longer lasting concrete not only means lower costs, increased safety, and less rebuilding, but could also reduce CO2 emissions from the industry, which currently accounts for estimated 5 to 8 percent of all human-generated atmospheric CO2 worldwide. So your Course 1 P-Set for the day is: how much transparent concrete would I need to safely transport a pair of humpback whales?

Tuesday, June 23, 2020

Group Counseling for Adolescent Immigrants and Refugees - Free Essay Example

Abstract Being an adolescent usually means a stafe in life associate with a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Therefore, adolescence generally is co-related with puberty, which consists of a biological phenonemon marked by the increase of hormones, adrenal and gonadal, resulting in development of secondary sex characteristics. This stage is also associated to risk-taking behaviors and increased emotional reactivity. For many of the individuals going through this period if life, adolescence means spending less time with their parents and at the same time, increasig the time with peers, which means more autonomy (Jaworska, 2015). In this paper will consider to discuss the effects and benefits of group couseling for adolescent immigrants, a particular group of individuals with similar developmental, cognitive and social experiences to other adolescents in general, however, having to face challenges related to socio-cultural transitions at the same, given their status as immigrants. Keywords: Counseling, adolescents, development, behavior, immigrants. Introduction According to the United Nations High Commisioner for Refugees (UNHCR, 2016) there are around 65,3 million individuals forced to leave their homes because of war, political conflicts, and persecution. A good portion of these immigrants or refugees will suffer as consequence of these events, from some mental health disorders such as PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder), depression, and or anxiety-related disorders (Kowitt et al., 2016). It is estimated that about 10.7 million of the immigrants and refugees around the world are composed of individuals under the age of 18 years old, (UNCHR,2016) and 40% of these young immigrants and refugees have a mental health illness diagnosis (Kowitt et al., 2016). Unfortunately for those in need of aid regarding their mental health needs, the situation is not comfortable. The availability in terms of services offered to this population, immigrants and refugees is currenytly oppressive and inequitable (Walker, 2005). Issues and Concerns Pertinent to Adolescent Immigrants In general, adolescence is seemed as an important life stage related to personal developmental changes such as transition from parents dependence to autonomy, and formation of strong ties with their peers instead. At the same time these changes may also affect these individuals in many ways resulting in stress and intense conflicts of inter-generational nature. For many adolescents however, the experiences related to this developmental stage are even intense, given the fact they are also immigrants, having to deal with issues specific to the immigration experience such as adjustment, acculturation, stress, and inter-generation conflicts related of the differential rates of adjustment (Baptiste, 1990). According to Yakushko (2008) immigrants and refugees including adolescents, feel a intense amount of stress due to various factors. The primary focus given by literature on this matter is directly related to their adjustment into a new culture, or acculturation stress. Yakushko (2010) states that eventhough most of the researches focus in the effects of acculturation stress in immigrants after their relocation, however many of these stressors begin to affect their lives even before, or prior to their relocation. Acculturation can be defined as the patterns of reactions experienced by a minority group in relation in their insertion into a new dominant cultural environment. Adolescents in this context are exposed to the same stressors as their parents, and same grandparents in this transition, such as feeling limitations in term of linguistic, difficulties with a new culture, conflict in their relationships associated to cultural changes, familys economic challenges, micro-aggressions, loss of social status and social contact (Yakushko, 2010). Stress, Self-Efficacy, and Social Challenges of Adolescent Immigrants Moving to a different country might affect the lives of individuals with the exposure to a different culture and society. This sort of transition provide opportunities for new social roles and offers new oportunities of interaction within the surroundings. If for any individual, the experience of moving from his or her native place of origin to a new country means have their lives affected in all spheres, in the case of adolescent immigrants, the impact involving this may be highly amplified in their lives. Being an adolescent living in a new country means having to rebuild their social network, adapt to new school system, restructure relationship with parents, and learn a new language, new cultural rules, and new norms (Titzmann Jugert, 2017). For an adolescent immigrant the experience of immigration to a new country can be easier than for his or her parent or grandparent. Unlike their parents, adolescent immigrants usually demonstrate being more malleable, resulting in a quicker adaption to the new culture, adopting that cultures behaviors, values, habits, and attitudes, like many adolescents from regions of the world such as Latin America, Asia, and Africa who come to the U.S. every year and are able to be inserted in the new culture, assuming their Americaness quickly than their parents (Baptiste, 1990). This difference in acculturation can result in generational conflicts. It is noted that the period just after the arrival can create a time of crisis among many adolescents, resulting in destabilization in their cognitive and behavioral patterns. According to Bandura (1982) the lack of linguistic skills and discrimination can negatively affect adolescent immigrants mastering their experiences in the new environment and affect their self-efficacy skills and abilities as well. Group Counseling Among Adolescent Immigrants and Refugees Based in the specific characteristics involving adolescent immigrants and refugees such as acculturation stress, adjustment to a new environment, and re-establishment of relationships, among many others, it is recommended that counselors working with this population demonstrate sensibility to some aspects related to culturally responsive interventions, in order to build trust and safety for them (Whitfield, 2017). Working in group with adolescents who were relocated to a new country are rare, however there is positive results considering the fact that at this age level, mostly from 12 to 18, these individuals tend to find comfortable and acceptable to pair with other adolescents. This behavioral pattern can be recognized as an important protective factor in assisting these persons to overcome adjustment issues and emotional distress. According to Walsh (2006) resilience plays an important role among immigrant and refugee families, and there are 3 important factors to consider in thi s matter: belief systems, organizational, and communication process. These factors help in providing cohesiveness and organization related to life events, helping people learning to overcome situations involving crisis. Immigrants, especially adolescents need to be aware about some of the patterns that help to create resilience as they face stressors during their process of acculturation in a new country. Flexibility, connectedness, and social and economic resources are some of patterns related to the development of resilience in the family dynamics. Group counseling in that matter can be helpful as a resource where adolescent immigrants can relate to other people living similar situation, connect to these others, and explore social and economic resources with the exchange of information. Walsh (2006) also mentions that clear consistent messages with speech and actions, open emotional sharing such as mutual empathy, avoiding blame and sharing a wide range of emotions, collaborative problem solving such as creative brainstorming, having a proactive stance, and shared decision making are all keys to promote family resilience. It would beneficial that practitioners using group counseling with adolescent immigrants to emphasize the positive aspects of school-based interventions, given the fact that schools can reinforce proactive behaviors for teen immigrants. Many schools provide mental health services to their students, including those who are immigrants, in some Europeans countries, U.S., and Canada (Fazel et al., 2016). In that matter, group therapy can effectively help to connect immigrant and refugees, especially teenagers or adolescents to the school community. Studies had found that the use of group therapy with immigrants and refugees help build their trust, strengthen their sense of belonging and cultural pride (Hughes, 2014). Group-based narrative is one of the approaches used for practitioners, which consists in allow the youth to express their life ex periences to others, with the objective of healing from their emotional traumas (Hughes, 2014). Whitfield (2017) describes how the youth interact during a group-based narrative session. It begins by drawing a tree as a way to empowerment. In the roots they trace their cultural roots and past social interactions, and at ground level, they map their current life. They also drawn their strengths and abilities on the trunk, and their hopes and dreams are inserted on the branches of the tree. Before the beginning of the group, the participants evaluate all the things they wanted to get out of the group, and they express in a scale from far they still are from reaching their goal. As they approach the end of the group, they apply the same actions as they did in the beginning, however with the intention to observe what they gained from that experience in the group. According to Hughes (2013) there is consistent information that the results obtained by these types of group therapy helped th e participants to develop cultural pride, increase self-confidence, and peer support. Group Counseling showed to be helpful with East Asian adolescent immigrants with problems related to depression, anxiety, and identity. In order to facilitate this type of service among immigrant communities, it will be helpful to a clinician or counselor to understand the nuances and cultural aspects of that specific group. Therefore, clinicians who are themselves immigrants, possessing bilingual skills, and culturally responsiveness can play a role as cultural brokers, however these considerations do not mean that a non-immigrant and non-bilingual will not be able to perform his or her job in a satisfactory manner. Conclusion Working with immigrants and refugees, and specifically with adolescents going through these experiences, adolescence itself and its aspects regarding developmental, cognitive, and social changes given the changes involving individuals in that age, and also other aspects related in that matter with the relocation, acculturation, and social and inter-generational issues that may developed or created as individuals move voluntarily or forcefully from one country to another. The use of therapeutic approaches, being in a group or individual format can help and assist these individuals overcome many of the obstacles that were cited previously in this paper assignment. Group-based narrative approach seems to be an effective way to be applied when dealing with immigrants and refugees in their teen years, helping them to interact, express, connect, and build their trust and self-pride. It is also important that counselors, clinicians, and practitioners acquire and develop abilities and skills so they can perform their duty or mission within those communities with compassion, efficiency, and professionalism. Linguistic skills, cultural responsiveness and competence, and trauma-informed are some of the important abilities to help a professional to better serve his or her clients in an immigrant community, especially those in the adolescence stage. References Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122â€Å"147. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X. 37.2.122 Baptiste, D. A. (1990). The treatment of adolescents and their families in cultural transition: Issues and recommendations. Contemporary Family Therapy,12(1), 3-22. doi:10.1007/bf00891814 Ellis, B. H., Abdi, S., Barrett, C., Miller, A. B., Blood, E. A., Betancourt, T. S. (2013). Multitier mental health program for refugee youth. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, 81(1), 129-140. doi:10.1037/a0029844 Ellis, B.H., Miller, A.B., Baldwin, H. Abdi, S., (2011) New direction in refugee youth mental health services: overcoming barriers to engagement. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, (4), 69-85. Doi:10.1080/19361521.2011.545047 Fazel, M., Garcia, J., Stein, A. (2016). The right location? Experiences of refugee adolescents seen by school-based mental health services. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry,21(3), 368-380. doi:10.1177/1359104516631606 Hughes, G. (2013). Finding a voice through The Tree of Life: A strength-based approach to mental health for refugee children and families in schools. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 19(1), 139-153. doi:10.1177/1359104513476719 Jaworska, N., McQueen, G. (2015). Adolescence as a unique developmental period. Journal of psychiatry neuroscience: JPN, 40(5), 291-3. Kowitt, S. D., Emmerling, D., Gavarkavich, D., Mershon, C., Linton, K., Rubesin, H., . . . Eng, E. (2016). A Pilot Evaluation of an Art Therapy Program for Refugee Youth From Burma. Art Therapy,33(1), 13-20. doi:10.1080/07421656.2015.1127739 Rolland, J. S., Walsh, F. (2006). Facilitating family resilience with childhood illness and disability. Current Opinion in Pediatrics,18(5), 527-538. doi:10.1097/01.mop.0000245354.83454.68 Titzmann, P. F., Jugert, P. (2017). Transition to a New Country: Acculturative and Developmental Predictors for Changes in Self-Efficacy among Adolescent Immigrants. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,46(10), 2143-2156. doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0665-9 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2016). Figures at a glance. Retrieved from https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/figures-at-a-glance.html Whitfield, Lynn. (2017). Culturally Specific Interventions to Support Adolescent Immigrant and Refugee Mental Health. Retrieved from Sophia, the St. Catherine University repository website: https://sophia.stkate.edu/msw_papers/811

Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Venetian Society in Othello by William Shakespeare

Othello by William Shakespeare raises the issue of how rampant beliefs and attitudes in a society can cause a person to question their sense of self. In a society where racial equality is near non-existent, Othello, a black skinned foreigner in the Venetian society, is constantly reminded of his status as an outsider. Othello, however, is not depicted in a stereotypical manner and despite occupying a highly respected position he is often confronted with blatant racism throughout the play. The prevailing attitudes and beliefs of Venetian society towards Othello are exploited by Iago in order to manipulate Othello’s self confidence and emotional state. The fear of interracial marriage in Venetian society is used by Iago in an attempt to alienate Othello. Othello himself acknowledges the fact that interracial marriage is frowned upon and that racism still applies to him despite his position. A common attitude in Venetian society is that black men and women are inhuman and animali stic in nature; Iago capitalizes on this idea in order to aid his plan of antagonizing Othello. Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, is a prime example of the attitude of Venetian society as a whole, in the sense that he â€Å"loved† Othello as long as he remained a servant of Venice and would rather Othello not intermingle amongst the Venetian society. Initially Brabantio â€Å"oft invited [Othello]† to his home and â€Å"queston’d [him] the story of [his] life†, showing an admiration and sincere interest for Othello’sShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesproviding wisdom and entertainment through their literature since the first known published work. However, for many centuries the writer has also been seen to have a diagnostic function, scrutinizing the ills of their society and portraying them for the world to see. William Shakespeare, 1564-1616, was an English playwright, poet and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world s most distinguished dramatist. His surviving works, including some collaborationsRead MoreRace in Shakespeare1559 Words   |  7 PagesEngland being no exception. William Shakespeare applies the issue of race in many of his plays; such in the tragedy of Othello that captures the reality of society in Elizabethan England, showing common racial bias of that era. Through his characters in the play, Shakespeare illustrates Elizabethan social ideology towards race, in which foreigners have adapted to a lifestyle of racial prejudice. In order to better understand the racial context behind the tragedy of Othello it is important to keep inRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero1323 Words   |  6 Pagesown demise. William Shakespeare’s Othello the Moore of Venice is a play about a heroic individual that goes through a tragic event based on his decisions throughout the play. Many of the characters that Shakespeare presents in his plays reveal attitudes and value that is reflective of both the Elizabethan society in sixteenth century England and William Shakespeare; these values are evident in the context of the Venetian society that Othello takes place in. Through Othello Shakespeare embodies hisRead MoreThe Power of Self-Destruction in Shakespeares Othello Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesOthello, the Moor of Venice published in 1622 by William Shakespeare, one of the greatest writers known in English literature. Othello has been said to be of the most touching and intimate of Shakespeare tra gedies. The source of Othello comes from Girald Cirthio’s Tall of the Moor, considering the modification of a few details, this was a manifestation of Shakespeare’s ability to take a reputable story and elevate it into poetic tragedy (Cahn 106). Othello is the story of love, deception, and powerRead MoreOthello as an outsider Essay768 Words   |  4 Pagescentury Venice, Othello, by William Shakespeare, explores the idea of an outsider from the very beginning of the play. Shakespeare uses Othello, a black army general, to explore the relationship of an outsider in high Venetian society using a variety of approaches. The reader sees characters consistently referring to Othello in derogatory and demeaning terms, as well as frequent implications that Othello is scarcely human. Further exploration of an outsider in society comes from Othello himself, as heRead More William Shakespeares Othello as a Victim Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Othello as a Victim Not All Works Cited Included In Othello Shakespeare shows that Othello is victimised in many ways, for instance; his race, his culture, his social position and naÃÆ' ¯ve. Othellos victimisation could also show Shakespeares meaning of the term tragedy. In other Shakespearean tragedies the lead character is shown as cunning, ruthless and manipulative, more similar to Iago than Othello. This could represent a change in Shakespeares Read MoreThe Protagonist in Willima Shakespeare ´s Othello810 Words   |  4 PagesThe central character, or protagonist, in William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello, The Moor of Venice is Othello. Aristotle defined the concept of a tragic hero as the destruction of a noble person, usually with a personal flaw, and this flaw determines their fate. Othello is a tragic hero with a tragic flaw in one of Shakespeare’s most known tragedies. Shakespeare so prominently exhibits the tragic flaw Othello obtains, allowing implications and thoughts, to overrun reality and show how just the insecurityRead MoreOthello : William Shakespeare s Othello2542 Words   |  11 Pages3 March 2015 Othello Introduction Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the English language – after the various writers of the Bible. Many of Shakespeare’s ideas for the play Othello came from a collection of tales written by Giraldi Cinthio. In Othello the character of Iago acts as the prominent main character throughout the play, even though he plays the role of the antagonist to the other central characters in the comedy Iago is the tragic hero. Shakespeare’s Othello was not justRead MoreOthello Tragic Flaw1643 Words   |  7 Pages220.03 20 October 2017 It Is Othello’s Own Faults In Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello is a highly acclaimed general and because of his many achievements he has transcended stereotypes projected upon Moors in Venetian society. Desdemona and the nature of her affair, although it is false, is considered to be the root cause of Othello’s downfall and violent demise. Othello feels anxious about the racist nature engrained in Venetian society and eventually projects this manner upon his identity. The differencesRead MoreOthello Vs. Omkara975 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Eusteen-Em Kayle F. Barte January 20, 2014 Eng10 Michaela Atienza Omkara, Bollywood’s Othello When someone mentions Bollywood, the mind quickly thinks of a film where the plot is based on love triangles and romance which often ends happily ever after. This thought is accompanied with characters singing and dancing in authentic traditional costumes, like the sari (a costume for women), in an attempt to highlight a situation or mood more. Watching Bollywood is like watching recorded cultural

Monday, May 18, 2020

Should Drugs Be Legalized Essay - 1203 Words

The legalization of drugs is among the most polarizing issues faced by the US government today. The increase in organized crime related to drug trafficking has forced authorities to reevaluate their stance on their legalization issue, and yet there are those in the civil society that oppose such legalization vehemently. Though there is evidence that many of the banned and scheduled substances can be attributed to a range of health benefits and treatment of diseases, the American experience with drugs has been a rather unpleasant one. It is not surprising therefore, that America continues to take a tough stand against any and all drugs and that debate on the issue continues to rage strongly. The question, however remains – should drugs really be legalized, and if so, who benefits from such a legalization? William J. Bennet has been a former Secretary of Education as well as a Director of the National Drug Control Policy. Having had experience in both education and drug control, Bennet speaks from a point of reference that few of his readers may have. he argues that most of the arguments – both for and against legalization of drugs, stem from a point of ignorance and since the real issues are hardly ever understood, the debate on legalization of drugs continues to remain largely misinformed. James Q. Wilson approaches this issue through the point of view of economics. He argues that lowered prices and abundant supply – both of which would be the natural outcomes ofShow MoreRelatedShould Drugs be Legalized?1007 Words   |  4 PagesShould all drugs be legalized? Suppose that someone has some life threatening illness and suppose that a drug that has not yet been approved by the FDA can cure this illness. Should he have to die just because some government bureaucrat tells h im that he cannot have this drug? There are millions of AIDS patients in similar tragedy. The two most harmful and dangerous substances are alcohol and tobacco. Yet, they are legal, only because they are popular. Marianne Apostolides of the pro-legalizationRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?1005 Words   |  5 Pages Drugs are upon the most controversial topics in the world, they are known for many reasons for bringing evil among the communities. They affect lower class families who struggle to make living in the world. The drug trade industry has lead politicians to corruption, because it makes them have more power. Drugs have made a huge impact in today’s society, although people will argue and agree that drugs can make the world a better place if they were just to be legalized. If drugs were to be legalizedRead MoreShould Drugs be Legalized?1187 Words   |  5 PagesDrug laws apply on state and federal levels. In federal circumstances, â€Å"convictions are from drug t rafficking† and in the states, it’s for â€Å"drug possession.† The federal punishments are longer sentences and harsher punishment while the states place the arrestee is charged with misdemeanor and is put on probation, short jail term, or a fine. However, in court, if the criminal pleads guilty, they keep a clean criminal record and take a prescribed substance abuse program†¦vacated†¦and [18 months later]Read MoreShould Drug Be Legalized?1358 Words   |  6 PagesShould Drugs Be Legalized? Drugs are actually kind of brilliant products as they bring a lot of advantages to our society especially in medical area except when someone misuses them. Because of these abuses, certain drugs have been designated as illegal articles in lots of countries across the globe. Thus, we can see that in these recent decades, our society has involved in holy drug wars with the aim to strike against this disastrous drug abuses trend. However, a new phenomenon occurs when someRead MoreDrugs Should Be Legalized?1934 Words   |  8 PagesIt seems that drugs should be legalized because, â€Å"the existing evidence suggests that net costs for drugs are higher under probation-substantially higher in some cases† (Miron, 839). Miron is proposing that prohibition leads to significantly high prices for drugs which creates incentives for suppliers to develop a black market and make enormous profits. By legalizing drugs, he argues that the price will be driven down so that the black market will be eliminated because the profits will not beRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?1801 Words   |  8 PagesShould Drugs Be Legalized? What can be considered by far the most terrible evil, exciting an increasing number of very young people who cannot in consequence of the normal full life? Evil, which first brings joy, then life turns into a nightmare? Evil that breaks the health and life of the person obeyed it, all his family and friends? Evil, which spreads very quickly, while hitting not only the body but also the soul of person? Some people want to earn money from this evil, others - are trying toRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?1239 Words   |  5 Pages80-90% of all inmates are incarcerated due to drug related crime or robbery to help pay for their drugs that they owe money on. For these inmates dealing with drugs is something very normal in their lives. Drugs being involved in prisons is also something that is very similar to the world. Prison guards find an inmate trying to smuggle in drugs at least once a week. As seen on Orange is the New Black in many episodes in season 2 and 3 the inmates smuggled in tobacco for cigarettes and Nicky got inRead MoreHard Drugs Should Not be Legalized937 Words   |  4 PagesKurt Cobain once expressed the idea that, â€Å"drugs are a waste of time. They destroy your memory and your self-respect and everything that goes along with your self-esteem†. The issue of drugs has always been a very controversial issue, the debate on whether or not all abusive substances should be legalized. There are many sides to this argument and in the United States this issue draws two types of people to the debate: those for the legalization of hard drugs and those against it. Ever since our earliestRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?2054 Words   |  9 Pages â€Å"Drug misuse refers to the use of a drug for purposes for which it was not intended or using a drug in excessive quantities† (Powell, 2011). It is a widely discussed topic in contemporary society. The argument as to whether drugs should be legalised has been ongoing for many decades. Legalisation and regulation of some illicit drugs are now on the agenda. Statistics have shown that in 2014-2015, around 1 in 12 (8.6%) adults aged 16 to 59 had taken an illicit drug (Home Office, 2015). Illicit drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Drugs Be Legalized?932 Words   |  4 PagesThe subject of drugs has certainly been an issue that has been widely discussed. Over the years, it has always boiled down to whether all drugs should be legalized or not. While the United States has been arguing over the topic of for many years, countries, such as Portugal, have taken an alternative and very unique way to fight the war on drugs. In 2001, the Portuguese government decided to flip its war on dru gs strategy entirely: It decriminalized them all (Aleem). At first, this strategy was greatly

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Subcultures Of Common Sense - 766 Words

Consider the following predicament: you are hit by a car and the driver evacuates the scene. Is it common sense to file a police report or hunt down the perpetrator yourself? I believe most Americans will choose the former over the latter based on their perception of common sense. However, if someone chooses to seek retribution for the hit and run by themselves, do they then lack common sense or does their common sense merely differ from ours? The Merriam Webster dictionary defines common sense as a â€Å"sound and prudent judgment based on a simple perception of the situation or facts.† Do all people then have the same judgement towards all situations? Culture, I believe, is what may blur these lines of judgement based on what is â€Å"common†¦show more content†¦However, the more I define cultures and try to conclude where differences in common sense may arise, the more questions I discover. Common sense, though defined, does differ amongst cultures. Much like any belief, common sense is interpreted through different eyes. Religion, region, and other traditions can greatly impact this interpretation. When identifying common sense, many may merge common sense into the same realm as morality. Again, the question arises, can morality differ between a culture as well? As you can see the very definition of what a culture is and how they can differ between others, truly shows the complexity of humanity. Complexity amongst humans is what makes defining groups of us into specific cultures, difficult. There are too many variables to accurately state that one person believes and follows certain traditions solely because of their location, birth, religion, traditions, etc. I believe that idea of being apart of cultures and subcultures is in question, but the idea of common senses stems more from specific questions. For example, the vast majority of people in first-world countries have used stoves to cook with. Therefore, the vast majority of people in t he first-world know not to touch a stove when either the light is on or the flames are burning. Resting a flammable object on the hot stove, thinking it as a countertop, would be an interference of common sense in their culture because of their past experience and knowledge ofShow MoreRelatedPolitical Continuities Of The State Of Texas1040 Words   |  5 Pages2306-212 23 April 2017 Political Subcultures Residing in Texas In the United States, there are 3 different political subcultures. These three different political subcultures that make the United States what it is are the individualistic, moralistic and the traditionalistic subcultures. In the great state of Texas, the most common political subculture would have to be a mix between the traditionalistic and the individualistic subculture. In the individualistic subculture, there are many ways that it canRead MoreImportance Of Fandom Subculture1023 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"fandom† subculture become so apparent in American society? In today’s society, people are easily able to be informed on their favorite celebrities and sports teams. The media feeds the passion people have for the entertainment industry and has created this idea that the public should be informed on every detail of celebrities’ lives. The creation of award shows such as the Oscars and the American Music Awards further emphasizes the culture’s growing love for entertainment. The fandom subculture is importantRead MoreSubculture : A Cultural Group Within A Larger Culture1384 Words   |  6 PagesOxford Dictionary defines a subculture as a â€Å"cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture† (Oxford Dictionaries). We are all part of a subcultu re at some point in our lives whether it is when we were at school, university or at work, we have or will be involved in a â€Å"subculture† that gives us a sense of belonging and allows us to express our personalities through different means. The importance of one’s clothing, views orRead MoreThe Traditionalist Political Subculture And The Moralistic Subculture880 Words   |  4 PagesThe traditionalist political subculture is the luke-warm fine line between the individualistic and moralistic political subcultures. In the same way as the moralistic subculture, the common good of the citizens is aimed, but like in the individualistic subculture, the market place is emphasized as well. In the traditionalist subculture, it is known that power comes from the societies elite. Citizens are not influenced and encouraged to vote, but instead step back and remain stagnant. In the beginningRead MoreThe Perception Of The Deaf Subculture907 Words   |  4 PagesA subculture is defined as a subdivision of a national or the main culture that has a unique and integrated network. The Deaf subculture has its own network, language, which is the official sign language coupled with shared attitudes and beliefs. The Deaf subculture has many subcultures that are divided by various aspects. Some are divided by racial differences while others are divided by the communication method they use. Vision plays a dominant role in the Deaf subculture. They prefer using theRead MoreIs Dance Music a Subculture or Has it Now Become a Culture in its Own Right?967 Words   |  4 Pages Is Dance Music a Subculture or Has it Now Become a Culture in its Own Right? Classically subcultures define themselves as other and subordinate to the dominant culture. Many cultural theorists such as Stuart Hall and Dick Hebdige have been chiefly concerned with the ways in which subcultures subvert and pose a resistance to the established order through their expressive dress codes and rituals. Dance music seems to depart from these theories of youth cultureRead MoreThe Youth Culture Of Punk1710 Words   |  7 Pagespunk, and the differences it has been subject to when the subculture first emerged compared to in a contemporary context. In doing this I have decided to include information about the emergence and origins of punk, features or style of the punk subculture, how the subculture has changed since its emergence, contemporary punk today and why it is apparent that the punk subculture has changed. Emergence and Origins of Punk The punk subculture first surfaced in the 1970s and by the mid-1990s punk hadRead MoreThe Basketball Subculture Essay example1095 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In this analysis I will cover the different aspects of sport subculture and what it means to be a recognizable member within a group. I will give examples of what it means to be a part of such subcultures. For example, shared ways of dressing, group status and credibility, as well as some of the groups norms and rituals. The specific group I will discuss will be my basketball team and the role I play within it. Because my team is at highly competitive level, our norms may be unlikeRead MorePolice Department, Beliefs, Attitudes, And Behaviors1678 Words   |  7 PagesThrough this wisdom of the street, vocational subcultures and major characteristics evolve. A.B. Hollingshead provided the basic definition of a vocational subculture; a group of specialists recognized by society, as well as by themselves, who possess an identifiable complex common culture, values, communication devices, techniques, and appropriate behavior patterns (Thibault, Lynch, McBride, p.19, 2011). The major a spects of the police subculture are the three S s; secrecy, solidarity, andRead MoreExamining Sub-Cultures: The Goth Culture1665 Words   |  7 Pagessource of identity between the individual action, the complete system and the overall social order itself resides in the identity between the action and the system† (Jinks, 2005; 78-79) Deviations form societal norms result in the formation of subcultures, cultural groups that have different beliefs, interests and values than that of the great society. This essay will focus on Goth culture and the extent to which it challenges the hegemonic norms of masculinity. â€Å"Hegemonic Masculinity refers to a

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Heroes Of A Hero - 2033 Words

To have a set of skills and qualities to become hero, bravery is genuinely one of the biggest traits one must have to be a hero. Heroic tales usually contains violence in the story. In most heroic novels, books, and poems that feature a main character with a hero’s complex, the source of their power is derived from their heroism undermines their ability to reason. In the books examined there is always a hero or heroine that is tasked with self-discovery, destroying evil, seeking vengeance on evil, or is burdened with the clichà © of saving the world. In these examples there typically violence towards another party regardless of the context of the setting. If there’s a hero in the story, there will usually be a violent situation the hero†¦show more content†¦The Iliad is a prime example of this heroic masculinity idea turning a hero into something toxic. In the text examined, the general allegory considered warfare as positive means to an end. It was as presu med that everything would and can be solved with violence and bloodshed, to win the war and conquer another. The story circulates around masculinity, bravery, and heroism; it had the idea that a man must be as manly as possible to fit into society. The notion of fighting constantly with another to gain respect, power fits into the ideals of the societies discussed in the stories of the Iliad and Agamemnon. Those who lack the masculine qualities are considered a coward and dishonorable to society. â€Å"I know only cowards depart from battle / A real warrior stands his ground / whether he is hit or hits another† (433- 435.) One of the main character falls in line to all this, and the character is Achilles, he was a victim of losing many things throughout the story such as, his war prize, Briseis when Agamemnon stole her from him, and the death of his closest friend Patroclus which caused him to initiate in warfare against Hector. Achilles, the main character of the story â€Å"The Iliad†, was a hero that displayed excessive violence and heroic masculinity towards men on men fighting. Eventually Achilles masculinity turned to the point where it becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Heroes Of A Hero1021 Words   |  5 PagesThe Heroes of Fearless A hero can be many different types of people and have many different qualities. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines a hero as a person admired for achievements and noble qualities. Tom Hanks said â€Å"A hero is somebody who voluntarily walks into the unknown†. Heroes are strong and courageous, but they can also be quite and work behind the scenes. Eleanor Roosevelt once said â€Å"We do not have to become heroes overnight. Just a step at a time, meeting each thing that comes upRead MoreThe Heroes Of A Hero1082 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher Reeve once said, â€Å"A hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to persevere and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles.† In today’s society, what describes a hero is different to each person you ask. In my opinion, there are three different heroes today. There are the heroes you read about in books and watch in movies such as The Avengers and X-Men, and there are the everyday heroes such as doctors, police, and soldiers. There are also tragic heroes. Shakespeare is famous forRead MoreThe Heroes Of A Hero1254 Words   |  6 Pagesup in the morning and decide to become a hero; but perhaps it is possible to wake up and say to yourself that you will become a terrorist or a criminal. Heroes are made of circumstances beyond their control. Those people who rush in to help victims after a fiery car crash or after something like the Boston bombings truly are heroes. Heroics that are played out after an act of violence are actions that do not allow for planning (Eagly, 2013). These heroes are usually humble and underplay their roleRead MoreHeroes Are Not A Hero992 Words   |  4 PagesHeroes are not just fictional characters with superhuman powers. Most people think that the only heroes are people that have superpowers and a cool outfit. In fact, whenever anyone pictures a hero, they don’t normally picture an unattractive person saving people. Instead, they picture a buff, handsome hero saving everyone and having adoring fans. However, this belief is incorrect because heroes are not just superhumans. Heroes take on challenges with determination and are ordinary people puttingRead MoreHeroes As A Hero Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pages In many occurrences, heroes are described as big, bold, and brightly dressed people who are a normal person by day and a hero by night. However, in reality heroes are around us in our everyday lives, but we fail to see the consummations of them. From the veteran you don’t notice in the grocery store, to the moms and dads all around us who are involved in the upbringing of the current generation of kids. A hero is one who stood above all to achieve the greater good for all of mankind, and developedRead MoreHero : A Virtuous Heroes883 Words   |  4 Pagesplaywright, once said, â€Å"Heroes in drama are people who try hard to reach a virtuous ideal. And whether they succeed or fail really doesn’t matter - ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s the trying that counts.† Sorkin states that heroes are those that attempt to reach their goal, not necessarily those that succeed. Heroes will proceed to try, no matter who or what is preventing them from reaching a goal. Sorkin is also discussing people attempting to reach a â€Å"virtuous ideal†, which is often obtained for others. A hero is one who solvesRead MoreEpic Heroes : The Ideal Hero873 Words   |  4 Pageshistory, epic heroes have defined the ideal characteristics of a society. Beowulf and Aenus are perfect examples of the ideal hero created from the mind of a creator, for the purpose of defining a society. Most epic heroes share certain character traits such as bravery, courage, determination, hubris or intelligence. It has been noted that sometimes epic heroes appear to simply be lucky or helped along by the gods and rely less on their own abilities. However, there are some heroes who are helpedRead MoreBeowulf Is The Hero Of All Heroes958 Words   |  4 Pages I m writing about ancient heroes and whether or not they can be heroes at the present day time.im going to tell you about their pros as in good things about them and their cons as in bad things. I will also choose one modern day hero to come pare my ancient hero to and tell you where he from either a movie or a comic book. Beowulf is my ancient hero. I chose Beowulf because of all the qualities he has. Beowulf is the hero of all heroes’ he is strong, and courageous. He would risk hisRead MoreHomeric Heroes : The Heroic Hero1249 Words   |  5 Pagestemperance, battle is the most important aspect of Homeric Heroes. It is on a battlefield that heroes gain glory for fighting, prizes for their accomplishments, and honor for their actions. However, hero he may be, Achilles â€Å"was not to be seen in council, that arena for glory, nor in battle† (Book 1, 518-519). He was â€Å"throwing his heroism away† by not taking part in the event that made people heroes. Prior to this, Achilles was a well-recognized hero. Goddesses said â€Å"when godlike Achilles used to enterRead MoreThe Tragic Heroes Of A Tragic Hero1955 Words   |  8 Pagesreason for this is because almost all of the spectators can relate to the protagonist due to the fact that the protagonists of these tragedies are tragic heroes. These tragic heroes have qualities that render them both tragic and heroic, and they display five key characteristics according to Aristotle’s definition. The criteria of a tragic hero is that they must suffer throughout the play, have a tragic flaw, eventually recognize their tragic flaw and take responsibility for their actions, be neither

Kyoto Protocol In Canada Free Essays

The Kyoto Protocol has enormous implications on the greenhouse gas emissions scene in Canada and indeed all industrial countries. Its targets for reducing emissions has faced scepticism from both environmentalists who argue that it does not go far enough where as businesses and industry representatives complain over the enormous costs that will be endured in the process of achieving these targets. This essay gives a short description and background to the Kyoto protocol in the Canadian context. We will write a custom essay sample on Kyoto Protocol In Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now It then focuses on the benefits and advantages of the Kyoto protocol to Canada while the last section focuses on the disadvantages and potentially negative impact of the Kyoto protocol in Canada. Background Kyoto Protocol was signed in the Japanese city of Kyoto in the year 1997 between countries in order to decrease greenhouse emissions and counter climate change. The Protocol was signed a year later by Canada and formally ratified in late 2002 after a lengthy debate in the argument. The Liberal government in charge decided to decrease greenhouse emissions in the country by 6% below what they were in 1990. This was designed to occur over five years between 2008 and 2012. After the Conservative government came to power in early 2006, they called the Kyoto targets unrealistic as well as unachievable. In turn, the new government decided to focus on developing Canada’s own solutions to the problem, and decided to use the funds to improve the environment within Canada and not on global credits. It also decided to invest in the development of clean technologies. The Kyoto Protocol calls for these actions to be undertaken by national governments: Encourage Huge Final Emitter System At the end of 2005 the government added greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane to the list of toxic substances. This was done under the umbrella of Canadian Environmental Protection Act in turn opening the doors to regulation. These regulations were published in 2006 as part of the Canada Gazette Part I and were followed by sector-specific greenhouse gas emissions targets. The deal was to decrease the total emissions by 45 mega tons in total. The Kyoto Promote Renewable Energy: This particular initiative offered the Wind Power Production Incentive as well as the Renewable Power Production Incentive. These initiatives included subsidy for producers of renewable energy of 1cent for ever Kwh of energy produced. These incentives were designed to decrease emissions by 15 mega tons in total. Promote Partnership Fund Designed to offer support to inter-government agreements, this fund offered cost sharing in order to sustain initiatives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Cash was directed towards aiding the province of Ontario to close coal-fired power plants which were among the worst emitters. This had the potential to offer 10% of the reductions promised as part of Canada’s Kyoto commitment of 6%. The Partnership Fund was also to offer financial support to Quebec for executing its own climate change plan and also to help other provinces in decreasing their own emissions. These initiatives have the potential to reduce anywhere between 55 and 85 mega tons of greenhouse emissions. Promote Programs This initiative has as part of it the Ener Guide program for homes and residential estates. It also promotes incentives for motorists to adopt more energy efficiency practices. As a result of the high success rate in the Ener Guide program, the government decided to channel in another $225 million in the program as part of budget in 2005 in order to increase 4 times the number of residential properties that had been retrofitted from 125,000 to half a million. One more initiative that found a lot of success was EGLIH (Ener Guide for Low Income Households) which was started in 2006. This program was designed to pay the full cost for energy efficiency upgrades to those found to qualify as low-income households. These programs are expected to result in a net decrease of 40 mega tons over a period of 5 years. Promote the One-Tonne Challenge Designed as a public education program, it called for all Canadians to reduce their annual emissions of greenhouse gases from five tons to four tons. The exception for this program is to reduce emission by a total of 5 mega tons. Promote the Climate Fund This fund was set up to establish a permanent institution that would buy emissions reduction as well as removal credits on behalf of the federal government. The Climate Fund was to buy credits from domestic as well as international sources which were recognized as well as approved under the Kyoto Protocol. This program is expected to result in a net decrease of 75 to 115 mega tons in emissions. Negative impact of Kyoto protocol The federal government allocated a billion dollars in the year 2003 in order to phase in the Kyoto protocol and to reach the target of cutting emissions by eight percent of the total target. Compliance of the Kyoto agreement is administered by an institution called Environment Canada. This particular agency funded close to a hundred and fifty million dollars or roughly eighteen percent of the annual allocation of $841 million. By employing this as the standard, the cost to administer the Kyoto agreement was put at 1.18 billion dollars and this was to be funded by collecting taxes. How to cite Kyoto Protocol In Canada, Papers

Kyoto Protocol In Canada Free Essays

The Kyoto Protocol has enormous implications on the greenhouse gas emissions scene in Canada and indeed all industrial countries. Its targets for reducing emissions has faced scepticism from both environmentalists who argue that it does not go far enough where as businesses and industry representatives complain over the enormous costs that will be endured in the process of achieving these targets. This essay gives a short description and background to the Kyoto protocol in the Canadian context. We will write a custom essay sample on Kyoto Protocol In Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now It then focuses on the benefits and advantages of the Kyoto protocol to Canada while the last section focuses on the disadvantages and potentially negative impact of the Kyoto protocol in Canada. Background Kyoto Protocol was signed in the Japanese city of Kyoto in the year 1997 between countries in order to decrease greenhouse emissions and counter climate change. The Protocol was signed a year later by Canada and formally ratified in late 2002 after a lengthy debate in the argument. The Liberal government in charge decided to decrease greenhouse emissions in the country by 6% below what they were in 1990. This was designed to occur over five years between 2008 and 2012. After the Conservative government came to power in early 2006, they called the Kyoto targets unrealistic as well as unachievable. In turn, the new government decided to focus on developing Canada’s own solutions to the problem, and decided to use the funds to improve the environment within Canada and not on global credits. It also decided to invest in the development of clean technologies. The Kyoto Protocol calls for these actions to be undertaken by national governments: Encourage Huge Final Emitter System At the end of 2005 the government added greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane to the list of toxic substances. This was done under the umbrella of Canadian Environmental Protection Act in turn opening the doors to regulation. These regulations were published in 2006 as part of the Canada Gazette Part I and were followed by sector-specific greenhouse gas emissions targets. The deal was to decrease the total emissions by 45 mega tons in total. The Kyoto Promote Renewable Energy: This particular initiative offered the Wind Power Production Incentive as well as the Renewable Power Production Incentive. These initiatives included subsidy for producers of renewable energy of 1cent for ever Kwh of energy produced. These incentives were designed to decrease emissions by 15 mega tons in total. Promote Partnership Fund Designed to offer support to inter-government agreements, this fund offered cost sharing in order to sustain initiatives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Cash was directed towards aiding the province of Ontario to close coal-fired power plants which were among the worst emitters. This had the potential to offer 10% of the reductions promised as part of Canada’s Kyoto commitment of 6%. The Partnership Fund was also to offer financial support to Quebec for executing its own climate change plan and also to help other provinces in decreasing their own emissions. These initiatives have the potential to reduce anywhere between 55 and 85 mega tons of greenhouse emissions. Promote Programs This initiative has as part of it the Ener Guide program for homes and residential estates. It also promotes incentives for motorists to adopt more energy efficiency practices. As a result of the high success rate in the Ener Guide program, the government decided to channel in another $225 million in the program as part of budget in 2005 in order to increase 4 times the number of residential properties that had been retrofitted from 125,000 to half a million. One more initiative that found a lot of success was EGLIH (Ener Guide for Low Income Households) which was started in 2006. This program was designed to pay the full cost for energy efficiency upgrades to those found to qualify as low-income households. These programs are expected to result in a net decrease of 40 mega tons over a period of 5 years. Promote the One-Tonne Challenge Designed as a public education program, it called for all Canadians to reduce their annual emissions of greenhouse gases from five tons to four tons. The exception for this program is to reduce emission by a total of 5 mega tons. Promote the Climate Fund This fund was set up to establish a permanent institution that would buy emissions reduction as well as removal credits on behalf of the federal government. The Climate Fund was to buy credits from domestic as well as international sources which were recognized as well as approved under the Kyoto Protocol. This program is expected to result in a net decrease of 75 to 115 mega tons in emissions. Negative impact of Kyoto protocol The federal government allocated a billion dollars in the year 2003 in order to phase in the Kyoto protocol and to reach the target of cutting emissions by eight percent of the total target. Compliance of the Kyoto agreement is administered by an institution called Environment Canada. This particular agency funded close to a hundred and fifty million dollars or roughly eighteen percent of the annual allocation of $841 million. By employing this as the standard, the cost to administer the Kyoto agreement was put at 1.18 billion dollars and this was to be funded by collecting taxes. How to cite Kyoto Protocol In Canada, Papers

Romantic Essay Example For Students

Romantic Essay When you hear the term Romanticism, wouldnt you think of something that has to do with romance? That is what I thought when I first heard the word, but I was foolishly mistaken. Romanticism dealt with placing central importance upon the emotions and upon the individual. This time period only lasted about thirty years but greatly changed the and influenced the country in which we live in today. In the following composition, I will discuss the ideas of Romanticism and three famous writers of this time and their distinct subjects.The United States condensed as a nation during the major cultural change distinguished by the shift from classicism to Romanticism. This change had an impact on every aspect of culture including arts, philosophy, education and science.Before all this even happened, an earlier belief known as Classicism was around. This unhealthy culture put reason as their dominating characteristic of nature and were also bound by strict unchanging laws by the government. Now, who would want to live under this dull inexpressible culture? Well, the early Puritans were part of this Age of Reason and many a good man came out of this era. Anyway, it was time for change. People wanted to start believing in themselves more and having a greater sense or nationalism. This is where Romanticism came in and replaced classicism. It was the beginning of a new era and initiated a whole new way of thinking. Romanticism basically dealt with three attitudes: Nature, the past, and the inner world of human nature. Although the early Romantic writers varied widely in the forms that they chose, these certain subjects were characteristics or Romantic attitudes.The writer who mainly told about nature was William Cullen Bryant. He became the first national spokesperson for a new religion of nature in which nature serves as a source of moral and spiritual lessons. One of his famous poems, To a Waterfowl, tells of the journey of a waterfowl during migration and relates that to the path in which we as humans take in our lives. He also incorporates some religious attitudes in his works as well and you can see this at the end of To a Waterfowl when he tells you that God will lead your steps aright Washington Irving was a fine example of telling about the past. He wrote many a folk tales.In the short story The Devil and Tom Walker he Americanizes the devil and gives him qualities that are carried on with him for generations. The last writer that I will discuss is Edgar Allen Poe. Now, he is considered to be the most influential writer/poet of this time period. Unique as they were, his thoughts and powerful writings came from his inner self. No other writer had anywhere near the imagination as this poet did. He used his dark gothic mind to create horrifying stories and poems such as The Raven. This is his most famous poem and tells of a man torturing himself on purpose by asking a raven questions he already knows the answers to. If you follow Poes writings closely, you will see how he uses his technique to create a whole single effect, and this is what he does so great and is known for.When I now think of Romanticism, it gives me the feeling of freedom, and this is what the whole purpose of the Romantic period was. It changed the way people wrote from then on and also changed the whole lifestyle of man in my eyes. Maybe another revolution of such beauty as this will one day cross our eyes and we will be able to experience the radical changes and feelings as the people of this period once did.

Friday, May 1, 2020

Bradstreets Views Towards Male Dominance Essay Research free essay sample

Anne bradstreets Views Towards Male Dominance Essay, Research Paper Bradstreet s positions toward Male-Dominance As a female in a extremely patriarchal society, Bradstreet expresses her feelings utilizing a clever technique called contrary psychological science to turn out her point, her disapproval of her community s belief of unequal intervention and bias against adult females. Bradstreet believes that adult females are treated below the belt in her society, sing gender as insignificant. She faces many struggles and battles in her Prologue, showing her sentiment towards adult females s rights, connoting that gender is unimportant and male-dominance is incorrect. The Prologue has a low tone and concealed surprises. In add-on to change by reversal psychological science, Bradstreet uses excusatory tone, pulling the reader in, organizing involvement for the reader to read her verse forms despite the fact that she is a female. In the beginning, she talks about wars, captains, and heroic poems, specifically written by superb male authors, worrying that her verse forms will dishonor the art of poesy: My vague Hagiographas shall non so dip their worth ( stanza 1, line 6 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Bradstreets Views Towards Male Dominance Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Subsequently, in continuance of her self-demotion and excusatory tone, she talks about the Great Writer Bartas, look up toing his plants, and sardonically acknowledging that she will neer be every bit talented as he is: A Bartas can make what a Bartas will / But simple I harmonizing to my accomplishment ( stanza 2, lines 11-12 ) . The irony in these lines cause the typical reader of the verse form to reconsider that possibly adult females are non every bit bad as Bradstreet portrays them to be, precisely the idea she has schemed for the reader to believe. Continuing, Bradstreet references sorrow for her deficiency of accomplishment, in which she laments the fact that A weak or wounded encephalon admits no remedy ( stanza 4, line 24 ) . As the reader returns reading, Bradstreet discusses the bias against adult females, cognizing that if she expresses her true feelings, no 1 will look at her verse form. Therefore, she says: I am objectionable to each caviling lingua Who says my manus a needle better tantrums, A poet s write all scorn I should therefore wrong, For su ch despite they cast on female marbless: If what I do prove good, it won t progress, They ll say it s stol N, or else it was by opportunity. ( Stanza 5, lines 25-30 ) , connoting that she despises anyone who thinks that adult females are better as homemakers, and that if their work proves good, work forces will state it is stolen or is by opportunity, explicating the unjust intervention of adult females. Following, she mentions the Greeks as appreciative of adult females, faulting the current society for the use of adult females: But sure the old-timer Greeks were far more mild Else of our sex, why feigned they those nine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . So mongst the remainder they place the humanistic disciplines Godhead: But this knot they [ they is the patriarchal society ] will full shortly untie ( stanza 6, line31-32, 34-35 ) . She says that the Greeks had less statements on adult females s rights and were more peaceable, contrasting it to the current values of society, viz. that the Greeks are incorrect and adult females are inferior. Bradstreet uses irony to show her emotions toward the male-dominant society, stating that work forces are everlastingly right, and adult females inferior to them. She sardonically says that work forces are better than adult females, connoting the exact antonym, that adult females are, in fact, equal in ability: Work force can make best, and adult females know it good Distinction in all and each is yours [ yours refers to work forces ] Yet allow some recognition of ours ( stanza 7, lines 40-42 ) , She ends by saying that she does non believe that her work is worth a critic s clip, stating us that although she thinks adult females are non inferior, she can non make anything about it, her works doing work forces s glist pealing gold [ work ] but more to reflect. Bradstreet is a really gifted poet, interesting, sarcastic and superb. She uses different tones, tempers and irony to convey her poesy into life, giving a vivid, clearly worded image of what she wants us to cognize, a strikingly extremist impression that her authorship could be every bit competent as any male s.

Sunday, March 22, 2020

Zap and Electric Vehicle free essay sample

The competition to develop and market electric vehicles has increased during the last year and is expected to continue to increase. The electric bicycle industry has four major manufacturers and a large group of small companies. The major manufacturers are Honda, Suzuki, Sanyo and Yamaha. They mainly sell products to Japan and Europe. The other group of manufacturers is much smaller in size and sales volume. These manufacturers have products they sell into the U. S. , European and Asian markets.Porters five-forces model is a powerful tool for systematically diagnosing the principal competitive pressures in a market and assessing how strong and important each one is. The electric vehicle industry is a definite for applying this technique. These are my observations about the five forces affecting the EV industry: †¢ The rivalry among competing sellers in the EV industry is .. Zap Case Study Summary: Provides a case study of the Zap and the Electric Vehicle Industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Zap and Electric Vehicle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Describes how competition to develop and market electric vehicles has increased during the last year and is expected to continue to increase.Provides marketing suggestions. 1. The competition to develop and market electric vehicles has increased during the last year and is expected to continue to increase. The electric bicycle industry has four major manufacturers and a large group of small companies. The major manufacturers are Honda, Suzuki, Sanyo and Yamaha. They mainly sell products to Japan and Europe. The other group of manufacturers is much smaller in size and sales volume. These manufacturers have products they sell into the U. S. , European and Asian markets. Porters five-forces model is a powerful tool for systematically diagnosing the principal competitive pressures in a market and assessing how strong and important each one is. The electric vehicle industry is a definite for applying this technique. These are my observations about the five forces affecting the EV industry: †¢ The rivalry among competing sellers in the EV industry is high, with new businesses popping up every year. †¢ The barriers to entry for new competitors at this time is low, which is why rivalry is becoming stronger among companies with new companies forming left and right. The threat of substitute products is also high because new technology combined with new and innovative companies has created many product options in the EV industry. †¢ The bargaining power of suppliers is the EV industry is low because so many companies exist that create the parts EV markers are looking for. This gives companies more options at finding the cheapest prices fo r the parts they need. †¢ Finally, the bargaining power of customers is high, because there are so many companies out there offering electric vehicles.This allows consumers to pick and choose whom they want to deal with, thus lowering the bargaining power of the business itself. The major factors causing the EV industrys competitive structure to change is product innovation and regulatory influences. With product innovation, the key to success is capturing the imagination of the customers. Also, with the rising energy costs facing the world today, governments might require permits or licenses on the EV industry thus dampening the attractiveness of the market.Before the energy problem, recharging an EV was cost-efficient, but with this rise in energy prices, a potential alteration of consumer perception about the cost of owning an EV might occur. In my opinion, these driving forces only dampen the industry thus allowing only early-movers to be the most likely to survive the competition of this industr y. Is the industry attraction? Basing my decision on Porters five-forces model, I would have to say that the EV industry in unattractive. This is because anyone can enter into the industry thus creating too much competition which will drive prices down.This driving of prices downward will cause new entrants into the business to see no real profit growth. Also, new products being created keeps giving consumers new ideas to buy. This also makes it harder for businesses in the EV industry to find ways to make buyers choose their business. Also, suppliers have strong bargaining power so industries have a difficult time trying to shop around for the best prices on the parts they need. However, Zap was an early mover and is a current market leader in the industry and with a good strategy can have a profitable future that new entries find they cant get. Because Zap was an early mover into the EV industry, they have positioned themselves very high in the marketplace. This is a result of several acquisitions made including a major acquisition of EV Systems, CA. They also acquired several patents which helped keep other companies from copying their designs and what they put into their designs. They also conducted most of their business overseas which helped to save Zap money, which allowed them to focus on their distribution methods. Also, they are environmental friendly which allows consumers to look at them when deciding between electric and gas powered vehicles.Their present strategy is to develop, acquire and commercialize electric vehicles and electric vehicle propulsion systems that have fundamental, practical and environmental advantages over available internal combustion modes of transportation, while also having the ability to be produced commercially on an economically competitive basis. Also, they have positioned themselves as the premier EV provider, have strong focus on aggressive sales activity and a strong emphasis on product RD. 5. Sizing up a firms resource strengths and weaknesses and its external opportunities and threats, is commonly known as a SWOT analysis.After reading the Zap analysis, I have determined these strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: Strengths †¢ Important Patents Through internal development and acquisition, Zap had procured 14 patents associated with EV design implementation. †¢ Strong Global Distribution Increasing demand coupled with increasing competition prompted Starr to shift production of high-volume products to Taiwan (the leading country in sales of electric bikes) to trim costs and to allow the company to focus its efforts on improving distribution. †¢ Joint Ventures Zap formed a joint venture agreement with Nongbo Topp Industrial Company Ltd.Of China to manufacture and distribute EVs in China. †¢ Strong Advertising Twelve electric bikes were used at the 2000 Olympics for regular patrols of the Olympic villages. Also, Actor Kevin Spacey drove a Zap scooter when appearing on the Tonight Show with David Letterman. Also, Zap scooters had found their way into four big screen movie productions in the summer of 2001. Weaknesses †¢ Higher overall unit costs relative to key competitors are a big problem facing Zap. †¢ Sub-par profitability †¢ Zap is short on financial resources to fund promising strategic initiatives.Opportunities †¢ Serving additional customer groups or expanding into new geographic markets or product segments. †¢ Acquisition of rival firms or companies with attractive technological expertise. (Zap purchased Electric Motorbike Inc. , a firm that developed electric scooters, motorbikes and motorcycles. ) †¢ Expanding the companys product line to meet a broader range of customer needs. (In May 2000 Starr introduced a new generation of non-powered scooter called The Kick, that used inline skate technology. Threats †¢ Likely entry of potent new competitors. Zap stayed busy with litigations protecting them from patent infringement by other copycat products. ) †¢ Slowdowns in market growth. (A shift in buyer needs and tastes away from the industrys product. There is a growing concern that the boost in sales of electronic scooters may just be a fad. ) †¢ Vulnerability to industry driving forces. (Advances in battery technology area driving force in the rise in interest and investment in the short-range EV market. Rapidly rising gasoline prices and an electric power crisis in California during 2000 has contributed to the growing concern about the external environment of EVs. Given the four lists above, I am able to draw the following conclusion about Zaps overall attractiveness. Zap has what appears to be a winning and competitively powerful strategy with a broader product line than most rivals. The companys early presence in the industry gives it important first-mover advantages and a competitive advantage over most other rivals. After reviewing case exhibits 2 and 3, I have determined that their operating expenses are too high. Zaps profit margins have increased over the last five year period from 22. 3% in 1997 to 36. % in 2000. However, they were still unable to cover their operating expenses that increased over the same period, resulting in losses from operations. Also, Zap was unable to provide a return on investments for its shareholders, which can have an impact on future investment opportunities. Zaps current ratios over the last five years have increased with a ratio of 5. 15 in 2000. This shows that Zap has been able to pay off its current debt when due without having to sell off its inventory. Finally, Zap has recorded a net loss for 6 consecutive years.Since it is an emerging industry, it is expected that Zap would incur losses until the industry is consolidated and they are able to achieve greater market penetration. Overall, Zap is on track for most emerging businesses, and because it was an early-mover, will have to the advantage to grow into a profitable company. After reviewing case exhibits 12-17, I have come up with the following five year sales forecast with minimum, maximum and expected sales with regards to their global penetration and the sales of just electric bicycles and scooters. (Note: estimates are in the millions. Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5 Scooters215. 0 minimum 0 maximum 58 expected226. 0 minimum 75 maximum 0 expected236. 0 minimum 0 maximum 7 expected241. 0 minimum 7 maximum 0 expected249. 0 minimum 0 maximum 75 expected Bicycles260. 0 minimum 7 maximum 0 expected269. 0 minimum 0 maximum 5 expected280. 0 minimum 0 maximum 7 expected290. 0 minimum 0 maximum 73 expected295. 0 minimum 5 maximum 7 expected The increasing population of China and the rapid increasing in the sale of EVs in this market will help Zap to continue its market growth over the next five years with increase in sales and distribution.This trend might also take effect with the growing users of EVs in European markets as well. This trend might not affect U. S. markets because of our cultures need for gas powered vehicles. 8. The first challenge the company faces is trying to sell as many electric bikes as they do electric scooters. At the same time that Zap was transferring its manufacturing overseas, it was also trying to reposition itself as an overall provider of premier EV products with a primary focus on aggressive sales activity. However, in trying to accomplish both these tasks at the same time, Zaps market for electric bikes took a big dive.In 2000, scooter sales were leading bike sales by a ratio of 7 to 1. Zap cannot call itself the overall provider of premier EV products with its electric bikes sales plummeting significantly. The next challenge facing the company is creating a forecast of the demand for electric bikes. Since Zap is lagging in its electric bike sales, they are in desperation to create a forecast for demand in order to have a numeric goal. Finally, the company wants to alter its current generic strategy for obtaining a significant position in an industry still in its infancy.In order to accomplish this, Zap should be asking themselves; what is the best way to become the overall provider of premier EV products 9. The first problem was trying to accomplish two major ventures (one international venture and one market penetration venture) at the same time, thus causing electric bike sales to plummet. One alternative to this situation is to allow Hutchins, Rocklemwitz and Cronk (international gurus) to head the Taiwanese production venture and allow others who are strong in marketing to focus on ensuring that Zap becomes the overall provider of premier EV products. A second alternative would b e to focus first on transferring manufacturing to Taiwan then work on becoming the overall provider of premier EV products. The second issue was forecasting. One alternative is to center the forecast around similar recreational products. It is always good to benchmark your products; however, companies must be careful to benchmark according to product lines and not companies as a whole. Another alternative to this could also be to focus on market demographics and environmental variables.Warning: Environmental variables, depending on location, may differ drastically. Finally, an alternative for their generic strategy should be a market penetration strategy, which could help create a higher volume of sales at lower prices. Lowering the prices of their products could help increase their demand and limit future opportunities for lower-priced competitors that were already driving down the average selling prices of EVs. Another alternative to this could also be a skimming strategy, by estricting demand by maintaining a high price, which could create better results. Higher prices may provide higher profit margins and allow Zaps products to maintain a position of superiority in the EV industry. My final recommendations as far as forecasting would be to utilize both benchmarking and market demographics. When weighing the pros and cons, I find it strange for a company to use one forecasting tool without the other. Benchmarking will help Zap better understand the strategies of competitors.Then they can take the information gathered here and use it in trying to study market demographics for their own industry. Also, I would recommend Zap use the skimming strategy. They dont want to make mistakes that might jeopardize their current superiority. If they were to go with a market penetration strategy, they would be sacrificing quality products to help gain market entry at lower prices, but they dont want their profits to suffer because consumers sense a lack of quality.